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Eocene Loranthaceae pollen pushes back divergence ages for major splits in the family. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study revisits fossil pollen records of the Loranthaceae family to distinguish different lineages based on pollen characteristics and to test the timing of their diversification using molecular dating.
  • - Fossil analysis, using scanning-electron microscopy, reveals that several extant parasitic lineages existed by the end of the Eocene, with diversification peaks aligning with warmer global climate phases.
  • - The authors suggest that combining neontological and palaeontological research can enhance understanding of plant evolution by linking fossil findings with modern taxonomic frameworks.

Article Abstract

Background: We revisit the palaeopalynological record of Loranthaceae, using pollen ornamentation to discriminate lineages and to test molecular dating estimates for the diversification of major lineages.

Methods: Fossil Loranthaceae pollen from the Eocene and Oligocene are analysed and documented using scanning-electron microscopy. These fossils were associated with molecular-defined clades and used as minimum age constraints for Bayesian node dating using different topological scenarios.

Results: The fossil Loranthaceae pollen document the presence of at least one extant root-parasitic lineage (Nuytsieae) and two currently aerial parasitic lineages (Psittacanthinae and Loranthinae) by the end of the Eocene in the Northern Hemisphere. Phases of increased lineage diversification (late Eocene, middle Miocene) coincide with global warm phases.

Discussion: With the generation of molecular data becoming easier and less expensive every day, neontological research should re-focus on conserved morphologies that can be traced through the fossil record. The pollen, representing the male gametophytic generation of plants and often a taxonomic indicator, can be such a tracer. Analogously, palaeontological research should put more effort into diagnosing Cenozoic fossils with the aim of including them into modern systematic frameworks.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5466002PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3373DOI Listing

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