Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
Published: June 2017
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
The genome of the spider mite , a herbivore, is missing important elements of the canonical immune pathways necessary to fight bacterial infections. However, it is not known whether spider mites can mount an immune response and survive bacterial infection. In other chelicerates, bacterial infection elicits a response mediated by immune effectors leading to the survival of infected organisms. In , infection by either or did not elicit a response as assessed through genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. In line with this, spider mites died within days even upon injection with low doses of bacteria that are non-pathogenic to Moreover, bacterial populations grew exponentially inside the infected spider mites. By contrast, , a litter-dwelling mite, controlled bacterial proliferation and resisted infections with both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria lethal to This differential mortality between mite species was absent when mites were infected with heat-killed bacteria. Also, we found that spider mites harbour in their gut 1000-fold less bacteria than We show that has lost the capacity to mount an induced immune response against bacteria, in contrast to other mites and chelicerates but similarly to the phloem feeding aphid Hence, our results reinforce the putative evolutionary link between ecological conditions regarding exposure to bacteria and the architecture of the immune response.
Gastric cancer (GC) represents a prevalent malignancy globally, often diagnosed at advanced stages owing to subtle early symptoms, resulting in a poor prognosis. Exosomes are extracellular nano-sized vesicles and are secreted by various cells. Mounting evidence indicates that exosomes contain a wide range of molecules, such as DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins, and play crucial roles in multiple cancers including GC.
Background: Amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) abuse is strongly associated with an elevated risk of HIV infection and transmission. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) serves as the primary approach for managing HIV infection and AIDS progression. However, ATS abuse diminishes the efficacy of ART in HIV/AIDS patients, amplifying the vulnerability to immunological non-response (INR) and ultimately increasing the incidence rate and mortality of opportunistic infections.
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule-associated protein known to be a key regulator of neuronal migration and differentiation during brain development. However, the role of DCX, particularly in regulating the survival and growth of glioma cells, remains unclear. In this study, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock down DCX in the human glioma cell line (U251).
TRIM14 is an important member of the TRIM family and is widely expressed in a variety of tissues. Like other members of the TRIM family, TRIM14 is also involved in ubiquitination modifications. TRIM14 was initially reported as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG).
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by pv. () has shown a high incidence rate in rice fields in recent years. Rice resistance breeding is considered as the most effective method for achieving economical and sustainable management of BLB disease.
