During routine dissection classes, conducted for first year undergraduate medical students, we encountered a rare anatomical variation in relation to the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN). The ICBN represents the lateral undivided cutaneous branch of second intercostal nerve. In this case, the ICBN formed nerve loops with branches of the lateral cutaneous branch of the third intercostal nerve. These loops eventually gave branches that probably supplied the floor of the axilla and proximal arm. Nowadays, this ICBN is gaining clinical importance during the axillary lymph node dissections and mammary gland surgeries. Damage to the ICBN, may results in the sensory deficits in patients undergoing surgery. In our case report, ICBN was making aberrant nerve loop along with the branches from the third intercostal nerve. Knowledge regarding the origin, formation and route of ICBN is of clinical significance to axillary surgeons, radiologist and anesthesiologists.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.50 | DOI Listing |
J Hand Surg Eur Vol
January 2025
Hand Surgery Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK.
In a recent operation, we unexpectedly encountered a digital neural loop in the palm. To our surprise we found out that these have a high prevalence but a survey that we carried out showed that there is a low clinical awareness of them. V.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJBJS Essent Surg Tech
January 2025
The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
Background: An all-inside endoscopic flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer is indicated for the treatment of chronic, full-thickness Achilles tendon defects. The aim of this procedure is to restore function of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex while avoiding the wound complications associated with open procedures.
Description: This procedure can be performed through 2 endoscopic portals, a posteromedial portal (the working portal) and a posterolateral portal (the visualization portal).
Hum Brain Mapp
January 2025
Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
Perception and production of music and speech rely on auditory-motor coupling, a mechanism which has been linked to temporally precise oscillatory coupling between auditory and motor regions of the human brain, particularly in the beta frequency band. Recently, brain imaging studies using magnetoencephalography (MEG) have also shown that accurate auditory temporal predictions specifically depend on phase coherence between auditory and motor cortical regions. However, it is not yet clear whether this tight oscillatory phase coupling is an intrinsic feature of the auditory-motor loop, or whether it is only elicited by task demands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Computational Neuroscience Unit, Intelligent Systems Labs, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
The brain must maintain a stable world model while rapidly adapting to the environment, but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we posit that cortico-cerebellar loops play a key role in this process. We introduce a computational model of cerebellar networks that learn to drive cortical networks with task-outcome predictions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Shoulder Elb
December 2024
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK.
Background: Iatrogenic suprascapular nerve injury secondary to posterior drilling or screw penetration is a recognized complication of bone block or coracoid process transfers for anterior glenohumeral instability. We present the first cadaveric study that assesses the safety of posteroanterior reference guides and quantifies the relationship of the suprascapular nerve to posterior glenoid fixation with suture buttons.
Methods: Anterior glenoid bone block reconstruction with suture buttons utilizing a posteroanterior reference guide was performed in 10 fresh frozen cadavers via a posterior portal.
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