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Residual malaria transmission can persist despite high coverage with effective long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and/or indoor residual spraying (IRS), because many vector mosquitoes evade them by feeding on animals, feeding outdoors, resting outdoors or rapidly exiting from houses after entering them. However, many of these behaviours that render vectors resilient to control with IRS and LLINs also make them vulnerable to some emerging new alternative interventions. Furthermore, vector control measures targeting preferred behaviours of mosquitoes often force them to express previously rare alternative behaviours, which can then be targeted with these complementary new interventions. For example, deployment of LLINs against vectors that historically fed predominantly indoors on humans typically results in persisting transmission by residual populations that survive by feeding outdoors on humans and animals, where they may then be targeted with vapour-phase insecticides and veterinary insecticides, respectively. So while the ability of mosquitoes to express alternative behaviours limits the impact of LLINs and IRS, it also creates measurable and unprecedented opportunities for deploying complementary additional approaches that would otherwise be ineffective. Now that more diverse vector control methods are finally becoming available, well-established entomological field techniques for surveying adult mosquito behaviours should be fully exploited by national malaria control programmes, to rationally and adaptively map out new opportunities for their effective deployment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000212 | DOI Listing |
Am J Trop Med Hyg
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Although China has achieved malaria elimination certification, the risk of malaria transmission reintroduction due to imported malaria remains. We analyzed data on imported malaria cases collected from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2021, using multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with severe and relapsing malaria. The odds of severe malaria were around 4-fold greater for patients who were initially diagnosed with a nonmalarial illness than for patients initially diagnosed with malaria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Trop Med Hyg
December 2024
Centro para el Desarrollo de la Investigación Científica, Asunción, Paraguay.
Most triatomine bugs inhabit nests and shelters of vertebrates, some of which are closely associated with palm trees. A few species occupy domestic and peridomestic habitats, posing a threat to human health as natural transmitters of Chagas disease. A peridomestic specimen that yielded positive results for Trypanosoma cruzi in both microscope and polymerase chain reaction tests was collected during a vector control survey in northeastern Paraguay.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Geochem Health
December 2024
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
Around 2.6 billion people are at risk of tooth carries and fluorosis worldwide. Quetta is the worst affected district in Balochistan plateau.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Math Biol
December 2024
School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
The epidemiological behavior of Plasmodium vivax malaria occurs across spatial scales including within-host, population, and metapopulation levels. On the within-host scale, P. vivax sporozoites inoculated in a host may form latent hypnozoites, the activation of which drives secondary infections and accounts for a large proportion of P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe pine wood nematode (PWN), , is one of the most serious invasive forest pests, responsible for pine wilt disease (PWD). Currently, there are no effective, environmentally friendly control methods available. RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been extensively utilized to screen functional genes in eukaryotes and to explore sustainable pest management approaches through genetic engineering.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!