Background: A scale aimed at measuring ambivalence among people with pachinko/pachi-slot playing disorder, the Pachinko/Pachi-Slot Playing Ambivalence Scale (PPAS), was developed and its reliability and validity ascertained.
Methods: A total of 522 participants (average year: 48.0) who were residing in Tokyo Metropolitan Area, and had played pachinko within the previous year completed questions relating to demographics, four gambling-related scales (including South Oaks Gambling Screen) and two general ambivalence scales (including Ambivalence over Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire).
Results: Internal consistency (α = 0.87) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.66) were confirmed. The PPAS's score was associated with each related scale's score (r = 0.37-0.62).
Conclusions: The PPAS was shown to be consistent with previous scales and useful in clinical settings.
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|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5429383 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40405-017-0023-6 | DOI Listing |
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