A new pyranonaphthoquinone derivative, named 4-oxo-rhinacanthin A (1), was isolated from the roots of the Indonesian Rhinacanthus nasutus together with two known congeners, rhinacanthin A (2) and 3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-5,10-dione (3). The structure of 1 was elucidated based on its spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was assigned by comparing its experimental Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) spectrum with the calculated ECD spectrum. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zones of 16 and 20 mm at 25 µg/disc, respectively. Compound 3 also exhibited inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (20 mm at 25 µg/disc).
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