Population based studies relying primarily upon anthropometric surrogates of fat distribution have shown that central or upper-body adiposity is related to ethnicity, gender, age, and total body fatness. As an improvement over anthropometry, dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides more precise measurements of fat mass (FM) in the total body and trunk. DXA was performed on 510 apparently healthy White (81 females (f), 64 males (m)), Black (94 f, 79 m), and Puerto Rican (102 f, 100 m) adults aged 20-75 years in order to determine and compare the effects of race, gender, age, and total FM on trunk FM. Trunk FM was greater for Blacks and Puerto Ricans than Whites, irrespective of gender (P < 0.014). Puerto Rican males and females had a greater proportion of fat in the trunk (%TrFM) than Whites or Blacks (P < 0.001), and Whites and Blacks were similar with respect to %TrFM (P > 0.67). Females had less %TrFM than males in all three ethnic groups (all P < 0.001). Based on multiple regression analysis, ethnicity did not affect the relationship of trunk and total FM among males (P > 0.16), but the coefficient for total FM was larger for Puerto Rican compared to Black females (P = 0.043). Trunk FM increased with age in Whites and Puerto Ricans (P < 0.02), but not Blacks (P > 0.24). The effects of age did not differ by gender or ethnicity among Whites and Puerto Ricans (P > 0.10). Adjustment for total FM and age eliminated ethnic and gender differences in trunk FM (all P > 0.37). The results suggest that the high levels of central adiposity observed among Blacks and Hispanics relative to Whites reflect patterns of generalized obesity observed in the respective populations. Patterns of accumulation of truncal FM with increasing age and obesity may not be generalizable to all ethnic groups. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 10:361-369, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6300(1998)10:3<361::AID-AJHB11>3.0.CO;2-6 | DOI Listing |
JCO Oncol Pract
January 2025
Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
Purpose: Food insecurity is prevalent among patients with cancer. Gaps in our understanding of preferences for food assistance among Latino or Hispanic, immigrant, and people with multiple races and ethnicities limit uptake of food assistance interventions among these populations. We aimed to deeply understand the needs and preferences and barriers to food assistance intervention uptake among low-income, predominantly Latino or Hispanic, immigrant, and people with multiple races and ethnicities and cancer to inform development of tailored interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCutis
November 2024
Dr. Valencia is from the Department of Internal Medicine, John Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland. Fabiola Ramirez is from the Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso. Claudia Dubocq-Ortiz is from the University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Medical School Campus, San Juan. Dr. Vasquez is from the Department of Dermatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.
Despite having an overall lower lifetime risk for skin cancer, Latine/Hispanic individuals experience increased morbidity and mortality in skin cancer outcomes compared to non-Hispanic White individuals. The reasons for these disparate outcomes are multifactorial, but challenges in early skin cancer detection, limited awareness of risks, and inequitable access to care and/or treatment among this patient population likely are contributory. In this article, we review cutaneous malignancies in the Latine/Hispanic population and explore factors that impact overall prognosis, including unique clinical features, inadequate health coverage, medical mistrust, language barriers, differing cultural perspectives, and inadequate research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLOS Glob Public Health
January 2025
Center for Health Workforce Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America.
Little is known about how to develop public health workforce capacity for health equity work. We explored associations of individual and organizational characteristics of local public health departments (LHDs) with competencies essential for advancing health equity. Data included responses of 29,751 staff from 742 LHDs in 48 states to the 2021 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, plus LHD characteristics and county demographics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri.
Importance: The extent to which neuroanatomical variability associated with early substance involvement, which is associated with subsequent risk for substance use disorder development, reflects preexisting risk and/or consequences of substance exposure remains poorly understood.
Objective: To examine neuroanatomical features associated with early substance use initiation and to what extent associations may reflect preexisting vulnerability.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Cohort study using data from baseline through 3-year follow-up assessments of the ongoing longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Background: The identification of novel blood-based biomarkers of small vessel disease of the brain (SVD) may improve pathophysiologic understanding and inform the development of new therapeutic strategies for prevention. We evaluated plasma proteomic associations of white matter fractional anisotropy (WMFA), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume, enlarged perivascular space (ePVS) volume, and the presence of microbleeds (MB) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the population-based Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).
Methods: Eligible MESA participants had 2941 plasma proteins measured from stored blood samples (collected in 2016-2018) using the antibody-based Olink proteomics platform, and completed brain MRI scans in 2018-2019.
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