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Enhanced RNAi does not provide efficient innate antiviral immunity in mice.
Nucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Laboratory of Epigenetic Regulations, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
In RNA interference (RNAi), long double-stranded RNA is cleaved by the Dicer endonuclease into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which guide degradation of complementary RNAs. While RNAi mediates antiviral innate immunity in plants and many invertebrates, vertebrates have adopted a sequence-independent response and their Dicer produces siRNAs inefficiently because it is adapted to process small hairpin microRNA precursors in the gene-regulating microRNA pathway. Mammalian endogenous RNAi is thus a rudimentary pathway of unclear significance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunodeficiency-Related Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (iVDPV) Infections: A Review of Epidemiology and Progress in Detection and Management.
Pathogens
December 2024
World Health Organization Headquarters, Av Appia 10, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Individuals with certain primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID) may be unable to clear poliovirus infection after exposure to oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Over time, vaccine-related strains can revert to immunodeficiency-associated vaccine-derived poliovirus (iVDPVs) that can cause paralysis in the patient and potentially spread in communities with low immunity. We reviewed the efforts for detection and management of PID patients with iVDPV infections and the epidemiology through an analysis of 184 cases reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) during 1962-2024 and a review of polio program and literature reports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Rapid Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections by Multiplex PCR Assay and the Viral Etiology in Children].
Mikrobiyol Bul
October 2024
University of Health Sciences, Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, İzmir, Türkiye.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the effectiveness of syndromic tests for diagnosing central nervous system (CNS) infections in children, highlighting the urgency of timely diagnosis.
- A total of 145 pediatric patients were analyzed, revealing that viral pathogens were the most common cause of CNS infections among those tested, with bacterial and no fungal infections detected.
- The use of syndromic tests significantly reduced diagnostic turnaround time, which averaged around 2 hours, and aided in guiding appropriate treatment for affected children.
Improvements of acute flaccid paralysis and measles surveillance performances in response to outbreak of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (2021-2022): the case of Southwest Ethiopia Region, Ethiopia.
Pan Afr Med J
December 2024
World Health Organization, Expanded Programme on Immunization, Maternal Child Health and Nutrition, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Introduction: following the detection of vaccine-derived poliovirus in 2019 in Ethiopia, response activities have been conducted including strengthening disease surveillance activities.
Methods: trend analysis study design of acute flaccid paralysis and measles surveillance data for the years 2021 and 2022 for Southwest Ethiopia Region was used. The non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) rate and stool adequacy rates were used to assess the AFP surveillance.
Multicenter Evaluation of the QIAstat-Dx and the BioFire Multiplex Panel Tests for the Detection of Respiratory Pathogens.
J Med Virol
December 2024
Clinical Virology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Syndromic multiplex panel testing enables simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory pathogens, but limited data is available on the comparative diagnostic performance of different testing systems. In this multicenter prospective study, we aimed to compare the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory Panel 2.0 (QIAstat-Dx-RP2.
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