Analysis of the patients with simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax.

Background: Simultaneous bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax (SBSP) is an uncommon condition with limited data on its incidence in the literature. In this study, we aimed to describe the bilaterality in both primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax cases, and the clinical approach in simultaneous disease and prognosis of these patients.

Methods: A total of 16 patients who were followed with the diagnosis of bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax between January 2005 and January 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups: secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP; Group 1, n = 11) and primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP; Group 2, n = 5). Demographic data, underlying lung pathologies, treatments applied, clinical findings and survival data were recorded.

Results: Of the patients in Group 1, four (36.3%) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), three (27.3%) had granulomatous lung disease, two (18.2%) had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, one (9.1%) had bronchiectasis and one (9.1%) had hypersensitivity reaction. Of these patients, four had bilateral tube thoracostomy, four had unilateral tube thoracostomy and the remaining three received medical treatment under follow-up. Of the Group 1 patients, six (54.6%) died during the 72-month follow-up period, while only one of these patients had COPD. All patients in Group 2 were treated using bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery either in the first or the second episode.

Conclusions: These results suggest that simultaneous and bilateral occurrence of SPP is an indicator of an advanced lung pathology with a poor prognosis.