AI Article Synopsis
- Rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are on the rise globally, with specific strains like blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14 becoming more dominant.
- Factors contributing to this shift include horizontal gene transfer, successful E. coli clones, ESBL presence in food animals, environmental influences, and human migration coupled with sanitation issues.
- The study suggests that improving access to sanitation and implementing new strategies could help reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes like blaCTX-M.
Article Abstract
Globally, rates of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are rising. We undertook a literature review, and present the temporal trends in blaCTX-M epidemiology, showing that blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-14 have displaced other genotypes in many parts of the world. Explanations for these changes can be attributed to: (i) horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of plasmids; (ii) successful Escherichia coli clones; (iii) ESBLs in food animals; (iv) the natural environment; and (v) human migration and access to basic sanitation. We also provide explanations for the changing epidemiology of blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-27. Modifiable anthropogenic factors, such as poor access to basic sanitary facilities, encourage the spread of blaCTX-M and other antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, such as blaNDM, blaKPC and mcr-1. We provide further justification for novel preventative and interventional strategies to reduce transmission of these AMR genes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx146 | DOI Listing |
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