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Topical review: sleep regulation as a novel target for treating preschool-aged children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
J Pediatr Psychol
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States.
Objective: Elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in preschoolers are a risk factor for poorer psychiatric health, cognitive deficits, and social and academic impairment across the lifespan. The first-line treatment for these preschoolers, behavioral parent training (BPT), reduces children's disruptive behaviors and parenting stress, yet its impact on core ADHD symptoms is inconsistent. Early interventions targeting biological mechanisms linked to core ADHD pathophysiology are critically needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFYouth living with HIV (YLWH) have high rates of virologic failure due to medication non-adherence. is a novel, gamified mobile health (mHealth) application designed with user-centered principles to improve medication adherence by integrating medication reminders with social and financial incentives, virtual peer social support and early clinic outreach for non-adherent YLWH in Nigeria. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to identify reactions to key prototype features (user interface, medication reminders, incentives, and peer support), facilitators and barriers to app use, and how well the app would meet adherence needs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlural molecular and cellular mechanisms of pore domain encephalopathy.
Elife
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Variants associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in children are complex and challenging to evaluate due to their diverse nature and unclear causes.
- The study highlights a case of a child with neonatal-onset epilepsy and a specific genetic variant (G256W) that impacts ion channel function and leads to reduced cell stability and conduction in nervous tissue.
- The research also establishes a mouse model that exhibits epilepsy and hyperexcitability in brain cells, linking the genetic variant to observable neurological behaviors and suggesting potential wider implications for understanding similar conditions in other patients.
Infants' resting-state functional connectivity and event-related potentials: A multimodal approach to investigating the neural basis of infant novelty detection.
Dev Psychol
January 2025
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine.
Individual differences in how the brain responds to novelty are present from infancy. A common method of studying novelty processing is through event-related potentials (ERPs). While ERPs possess millisecond precision, spatial resolution remains poor, especially in infancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTemporal Dynamics of Affective Scene Processing in the Healthy Adult Human Brain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev
January 2025
Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. Electronic address:
Understanding how the brain distinguishes emotional from neutral scenes is crucial for advancing brain-computer interfaces, enabling real-time emotion detection for faster, more effective responses, and improving treatments for emotional disorders like depression and anxiety. However, inconsistent research findings have arisen from differences in study settings, such as variations in the time windows, brain regions, and emotion categories examined across studies. This review sought to compile the existing literature on the timing at which the adult brain differentiates basic affective from neutral scenes in less than one second, as previous studies have consistently shown that the brain can begin recognizing emotions within just a few milliseconds.
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