Testicular cancer is a frequent tumor of adolescent and young adult males. Chemotherapy has been reported to provide cure rates as high as 80% even in the presence of advanced testicular cancer. Studies regarding testicular cancer started after the advent of high dose chemotherapy (HDC) plus atologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) for the treatment of solid tumors in 1980s. Testicular cancer is highly responsive to HDC. Einhorn et al. have reported long-lasting remissions reaching up to 40% among patients with platinum-refractory disease. However, the present prospective randomized studies are heterogeneous in terms of patient characteristics and methodology, therefore superiority of HDC plus ASCR to conventional chemotherapies could not be proven. The results of the TIGER study, which is a recent prospective randomized study being conducted by the European Organisation for Research and Treatments in Cancer (EORTC) and the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) aiming to compare HDC plus ASCR to conventional chemotherapy are eagerly expected. In this review, we will evaluate the current use of HDC plus ASCR in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors.
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