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Reappraisal of the extinct seal "" from the Neogene of the North Sea Basin, with bearing on its geological age, phylogenetic affinities, and locomotion. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The text discusses the redescription of an extinct species of seal (Phocidae) discovered in the North Sea Basin, highlighting the importance of newly found fossil material for this analysis.
  • A phylogenetic study and biostratigraphy are used to place the species in a proper evolutionary context, determining its genus involves reassignment to a new genus due to its unique features.
  • The findings suggest that this species had unique locomotor adaptations—more reliance on fore flipper propulsion and a flexible hind flipper—indicating less advanced movement strategies compared to modern seals, while expanding its known geological timeframe into the middle Miocene.

Article Abstract

Background: Discovered on the southern margin of the North Sea Basin, "" represents one of the best-known extinct species of Phocidae. However, little attention has been given to the species ever since its original 19th century description. Newly discovered material, including the most complete specimen of fossil Phocidae from the North Sea Basin, prompted the redescription of the species. Also, the type material of "" is lost.

Methods: "" is redescribed. Its phylogenetic position among Phocinae is assessed through phylogenetic analysis. Dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy is used to determine and reassess the geological age of the species. Myological descriptions of extant taxa are used to infer muscle attachments, and basic comparative anatomy of the gross morphology and biomechanics are applied to reconstruct locomotion.

Results: Detailed redescription of "" indicates relatively little affinities with the genus , but rather asks for the establishment of a new genus: gen. nov. Hence, "" is recombined into . This reassignment is confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis, grouping the genus and other extinct phocine taxa as stem phocines. Biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy expand the known stratigraphic range of from the late Langhian to the late Serravallian. The osteological anatomy of indicates a relatively strong development of muscles used for fore flipper propulsion and increased flexibility for the hind flipper.

Discussion: The extended stratigraphic range of into the middle Miocene confirms relatively early diversification of Phocinae in the North Atlantic. Morphological features on the fore- and hindlimb of the species point toward an increased use of the fore flipper and greater flexibility of the hind flipper as compared to extant Phocinae, clearly indicating less derived locomotor strategies in this Miocene phocine species. Estimations of the overall body size indicate that is much smaller than , the smallest extant genus of Phocinae (and Phocidae), and than most extinct phocines.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5436577PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3316DOI Listing

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