AI Article Synopsis
- Researchers created a daily version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) since the existing measure was not suitable for daily assessments, aiming to explore the complexities of pain responses and treatment mechanisms.* -
- The new daily PCS was tested through cognitive interviews and three validation studies involving over 500 adults with chronic pain, showing it effectively captures pain-related thoughts and emotions.* -
- Findings indicated the daily PCS has strong correlations with other psychological and physical factors, and it's both simpler and comparably valid to the original full version, suggesting promising further applications in diverse patient populations.*
Article Abstract
Unlabelled: To date, there is no validated measure for pain catastrophizing at the daily level. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is widely used to measure trait pain catastrophizing. We sought to develop and validate a brief, daily version of the PCS for use in daily diary studies to facilitate research on mechanisms of catastrophizing treatment, individual differences in self-regulation, and to reveal the nuanced relationships between catastrophizing, correlates, and pain outcomes. After adapting the PCS for daily use, we evaluated the resulting 14 items using 3 rounds of cognitive interviews with 30 adults with chronic pain. We refined and tested the final daily PCS in 3 independent, prospective, cross-sectional, observational validation studies conducted in a combined total of 519 adults with chronic pain who completed online measures daily for 14 consecutive days. For study 1 (N = 131), exploratory factor analysis revealed adequate fit and-unexpectedly-unidimensionality for item responses to the daily PCS. Study 2 (N = 177) correlations indicated adequate association with related constructs (anger, anxiety, pain intensity, depression). Similarly, results for study 3 (N = 211) revealed expected correlations for daily PCS and measures of daily constructs including physical activity, sleep, energy level, and positive affect. Results from complex/multilevel confirmatory factor analysis confirmed good fit to a unidimensional model. Scores on the daily PCS were statistically comparable with and more parsimonious than the full 14-item version. Next steps include evaluation of score validity in populations with medical diagnoses, greater demographic diversity, and in patients with acute pain.
Perspective: This article describes the development and validation of a daily PCS. This daily measure may facilitate research that aims to characterize pain mechanisms, individual differences in self-regulation, adaptation, and nuanced relationships between catastrophizing, correlates, and pain outcomes.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5581222 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.05.003 | DOI Listing |
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