The kinetics of caspofungin (CAS) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following intravenous (i.v.) administration has been studied exclusively in animal models. Human data are missing so far. In this study, 13 CSF samples were obtained at different time points following i.v. infusion of CAS in ten paediatric haemato-/oncological patients (age range 1.0-14.2 years, median 8.6 years) without signs of central nervous system (CNS) infection (n = 10 samples) or with infectious meningitis (n = 3 samples). Serum samples were obtained concurrently. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for CAS quantification. Whilst CAS serum levels were in the expected range, varying between 0.6 and 20.3 µg/mL (median 7.0 µg/mL), 11 of 13 CSF levels were below the limit of detection of 0.084 µg/mL at 3.0-48.0 h (median 23.3 h) following i.v. infusion. Only two (of three) levels in patients with bacterial meningitis were above the limit of detection (0.3 µg/mL and 0.09 µg/mL, respectively). These results indicate the low capacity of CAS to penetrate into the CNS even in inflamed meninges. Monotherapy with standard doses of CAS appears not to be suitable for treatment of fungal CNS infections.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.02.024 | DOI Listing |
Med Mycol
January 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Given extensive improvements in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) over the past 12 years, the HIV and cryptococcal meningitis landscapes have dramatically changed since 2010. We sought to evaluate changes in clinical presentation and clinical outcomes of people presenting with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis between 2010 and 2022 in Uganda. We analyzed three prospective cohorts of HIV-infected Ugandans with cryptococcal meningitis during 2010-2012, 2013-2017, and 2018-2022.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAJNR Am J Neuroradiol
January 2025
From the Mayo Clinic, Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnesota.
The purpose of this video is to introduce digital subtraction myelography for CSF-venous fistula (CVF) detectection. CVF is the most recently identified and likely the most prevalent type of spinal CSF leak that leads to spontaneous intracranial hypotension CVFs are occult on conventional MRI and CT, necessitating the use of myelography for the diagnosis. This video highlights one such technique, which is important because an increasing number of centers are starting to diagnose CVF.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Case Rep
January 2025
Graduate Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Fort lauderdale, Florida, USA.
Sexually transmitted proctitis, a prevalent concern among men who have sex with men (MSM) is frequently caused by a range of pathogens, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), and While HSV-associated proctitis typically presents with visible lesions, cases without external manifestations remain evasive. We report the case of an MSM in his early 30s presenting with dyschezia and perineal discomfort after unprotected anoreceptive intercourse. Despite initial inconspicuous findings, rectal swabs revealed HSV-2 infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Proteomics
January 2025
Necker Proteomics, Université Paris Cité - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UAR3633, Paris, France.
Despite numerous studies on fetal therapy for myelomeningoceles (MMC), the pathophysiology of this malformation remains poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the biochemical profile and proteome of amniotic fluid (AF) supernatants from MMC fetuses to explore the prenatal pathophysiology. Biochemical analysis of 61 AF samples from MMC fetuses was compared with 45 healthy fetuses' samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Deliv Transl Res
January 2025
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prominent and highly prevalent chronic neuro-degenerative disease generally recognized by classical motor symptoms which are linked with genetic mutation, Lewy bodies, and subsequently selective loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier protect the central nervous system against toxins and are the most significant barriers to effective brain drug delivery in managing Parkinsonism. In recent years, intranasal delivery has attracted remarkable attention for brain targeting as the drug can be administered to the brain directly from the nose employing the trigeminal and olfactory pathways.
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