Extensively drug-resistant bacteria: Which ethical issues?

Objective: The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has now become a public health concern. How can we preserve the well-being of patients presenting with infections caused by extensively drug-resistant bacteria (EDRBs) and that of their contacts without inducing any loss of chance of survival, all the while living together and controlling the spread of these EDRBs?

Method: Terre d'éthique, a French territorial ethics committee, was asked to reflect on this topic by the infection control unit of a French University Hospital as it raises many ethical issues.

Results: Patients are at the core of any ethical approach, and respecting their autonomy is fundamental. Patients should be adequately informed to be able to give consent. Indeed, the creation and dissemination of a register (list of names of contacts or infected patients) entails responsibility of the infected person and that of the community. This responsibility leads to an ethical dilemma as protecting the group (the whole population) necessarily means limiting individual freedom. The principle of autonomy should thus be compared with that of solidarity. Is medical confidentiality an obstacle to the sharing of information or lists of names?

Conclusion: We did not aim to answer our problematic but merely wanted to show the complexity of EDRB spread in a broader societal and economic context, all the while respecting the rights of patients.