AI Article Synopsis
- The study focused on the role of apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (HO) in lignin metabolism using cell cultures from Norway spruce, highlighting the challenges in studying these processes in whole trees.
- Scavenging HO hindered lignin formation and revealed that monolignols can be oxidatively coupled in both cell walls and cytoplasm, leading to the production of various phenolic compounds.
- Transcriptomic analysis showed that reducing apoplastic HO altered gene expression, affecting carbon flow to monolignol production and indicating the apoplast's redox state significantly influences plant metabolism.
Article Abstract
Apoplastic events such as monolignol oxidation and lignin polymerization are difficult to study in intact trees. To investigate the role of apoplastic hydrogen peroxide (HO) in gymnosperm phenolic metabolism, an extracellular lignin-forming cell culture of Norway spruce () was used as a research model. Scavenging of apoplastic HO by potassium iodide repressed lignin formation, in line with peroxidases activating monolignols for lignin polymerization. Time-course analyses coupled to candidate substrate-product pair network propagation revealed differential accumulation of low-molecular-weight phenolics, including (glycosylated) oligolignols, (glycosylated) flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins, in lignin-forming and HO-scavenging cultures and supported that monolignols are oxidatively coupled not only in the cell wall but also in the cytoplasm, where they are coupled to other monolignols and proanthocyanidins. Dilignol glycoconjugates with reduced structures were found in the culture medium, suggesting that cells are able to transport glycosylated dilignols to the apoplast. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that scavenging of apoplastic HO resulted in remodulation of the transcriptome, with reduced carbon flux into the shikimate pathway propagating down to monolignol biosynthesis. Aggregated coexpression network analysis identified candidate enzymes and transcription factors for monolignol oxidation and apoplastic HO production in addition to potential HO receptors. The results presented indicate that the redox state of the apoplast has a profound influence on cellular metabolism.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5490890 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.00085 | DOI Listing |
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