Ambient monitoring analyses may identify potential new public health hazards such as residual levels of fumigants and industrial chemicals off gassing from products and goods shipped globally. We analyzed container air with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (TD-2D-GC-MS/FPD) and assessed whether the concentration of the volatiles benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane exceeded recommended exposure limits (REL). Products were taken from transport containers and analyzed for outgassing of volatiles. Furthermore, experimental outgassing was performed on packaging materials and textiles, to simulate the hazards tainting from globally shipped goods. The mean amounts of benzene in analyzed container air were 698-fold higher, and those of ethylene dichloride were 4.5-fold higher than the corresponding REL. More than 90% of all containers struck with toluene residues higher than its REL. For 1,2-dichloroethane 53% of containers, transporting shoes exceeded the REL. In standardized experimental fumigation of various products, outgassing of 1,2-dichloroethane under controlled laboratory conditions took up to several months. Globally produced transported products tainted with toxic industrial chemicals may contribute to the mixture of volatiles in indoor air as they are likely to emit for a long period. These results need to be taken into account for further evaluation of safety standards applying to workers and consumers.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435304 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0177363 | PLOS |
Small
September 2024
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 30. dubna 22, Ostrava, CZ-702 00, Czech Republic.
This study investigates the origin of low-pressure hysteresis (LPH) in the adsorption and desorption of three different probe molecules: carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and argon, across various adsorption temperatures (from cryogenic to room temperature), and within five different carbon materials: synthetic carbons (pristine and one post-synthetically oxidized) and natural coal. Significant attention is dedicated to elucidating LPH in oxidized samples outgassed at various temperatures (120-350 °C). Experimental results show that insufficient outgassing temperature can lead to unreliable data due to artificial LPH and significantly underestimated textural properties, primarily caused by porosity blockage from substances like moisture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryobiology
March 2024
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
Vitrification is a promising approach for ice-free cryopreservation of biological material, but progress is hindered by the limited set of experimental tools for studying processes in the interior of the vitrified matter. Isochoric cryopreservation chambers are often metallic, and their opacity prevents direct visual observation. In this study, we introduce photon counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) to compare the effects of rigid isochoric and unconfined isobaric conditions on vitrification and ice formation during cooling of two aqueous solutions: 50 wt% DMSO and a coral vitrification solution, CVS1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Sci
August 2023
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road Dalian 116023 China
The emergence of molecular oxygen (O) in the Earth's primitive atmosphere is an issue of major interest. Although the biological processes leading to its accumulation in the Earth's atmosphere are well understood, its abiotic source is still not fully established. Here, we report a new direct dissociation channel yielding S(D) + O(aΔ/XΣ) products from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of SO in the wavelength range between 120 and 160 nm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFaraday Discuss
September 2023
Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Ice is a major component of astrophysical environments - from interstellar molecular clouds through protoplanetary disks to evolved solar systems. Ice and complex organic matter coexist in these environments as well, and it is thought primordial ice brought the molecules of life to Earth four billion years ago, which could have kickstarted the origin of life on Earth. To understand the journey of ice and organics from their origins to becoming a part of evolved planetary systems, it is important to complement high spatial and spectral resolution telescopes such as JWST with laboratory experimental studies that provide deeper insight into the processes that occur in these astrophysical environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
March 2023
Department of Astronomy and Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
In 2017, 1I/'Oumuamua was identified as the first known interstellar object in the Solar System. Although typical cometary activity tracers were not detected, 'Oumuamua showed a notable non-gravitational acceleration. So far, there has been no explanation that can reconcile these constraints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!