Recently, several studies on the effects of a compound named "chromium malate," with the proposed formula "Crmalate·xHO" where x = 3.5 or 5, on the health of healthy and diabetic rats have appeared. However, the compound is poorly characterized, and knowing the identity of this material could be important in the interpretation of the previous and of future studies on the effects of this compound in animals. Consequently, the synthesis, characterization, and identity of this material were explored. A combination of spectroscopic, magnetic, and elemental analyses and mass spectral studies reveal that the compound is probably a polymer, not a discrete molecule, and does not have the composition previously reported. The repeating unit of the polymer possesses an antiferromagnetically coupled trinuclear Cr(III) core. The current study suggests that previous reports on chromium malate and its effects in animals must be viewed with caution.
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Improvement of high-glucose and insulin resistance of chromium malate in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity signaling pathways and its mechanism.
RSC Adv
December 2018
Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University 301 Xuefu Rd. 212013 Zhenjiang Jiangsu China +86 511 88791200 +86 511 88791200.
Previous study has revealed that chromium malate could improve insulin resistance and the regulation of fasting blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. This study was designed to investigate the effect of chromium malate on hypoglycemic and improve insulin resistance activities in 3T3-L1 adipocytes with insulin resistance and investigate the acting mechanism. The result indicated that chromium malate exhibited direct hypoglycemic activity .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and its influence on trace metals absorption after oral or intravenous administration.
Indian J Pharmacol
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Department of Environmental Engineering, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu, China.
Objectives: In our preliminary study, chromium malate could decrease the blood glucose level in mice with diabetes and exhibits good benefits in treating glycometabolism and adipose metabolization obstacle in rats with type 2 diabetes. This study was aimed at assessing the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and influence on trace metals absorption in rats.
Methods: BAPP 2.
Chromium malate alleviates high-glucose and insulin resistance in L6 skeletal muscle cells by regulating glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity signaling pathways.
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School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
Previous study revealed that chromium malate improved the regulation of fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. In this study, the effect of chromium malate on anti-high-glucose and improve insulin resistance activities in L6 skeletal muscle cells with insulin resistance and its acting mechanism were investigated. Chromium malate showed direct anti-high-glucose activity in vitro.
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Biol Trace Elem Res
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School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
In our previous study, chromium malate is beneficial for type 2 diabetic rats in control glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. The present study was designed to observe the chronic toxicity, lipid metabolism, learning and memory ability, and related enzymes of chromium malate in rats during the year. The results showed that pathological, toxic, feces, and urine of chromium malate (at daily doses of 10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Identity of "Chromium Malate".
Biol Trace Elem Res
February 2018
Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0336, USA.
Recently, several studies on the effects of a compound named "chromium malate," with the proposed formula "Crmalate·xHO" where x = 3.5 or 5, on the health of healthy and diabetic rats have appeared. However, the compound is poorly characterized, and knowing the identity of this material could be important in the interpretation of the previous and of future studies on the effects of this compound in animals.
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