Adiponectin down-regulates CREB and inhibits proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells.

Introduction: Adipokines are known to play a relevant role in a number of cancer related molecular pathways. Adiponectin is a major adipokine with anti-inflammatory and beneficial metabolic actions. Furthermore, it has been shown to exert anti-carcinogenic effects in various tumor models and some clinical studies suggested an inverse relationship between circulating levels of adiponectin and an increased risk for development of malignancies. On the other hand, the cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) transcription factor has been clearly linked to lung cancer.

Methods: we analyzed cell proliferation, cell cycle of A549 cells treated with adiponectin as well as CREB activation status in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples.

Results: adiponectin treatment, at concentrations ranging between 5 and 50 μg/ml mimicking human serum levels, has a significant effect on reducing tumor cell proliferation of A549 cells, mainly by altering cell cycle progression. Importantly, we provide evidence that adiponectin clearly inhibits in a dose- and time-dependent manner CREB phosphorylation (activation) and, at least in part, also the level of CREB protein itself, preceding and accompanying the anti-proliferative effects in response to adiponectin. Moreover, in agreement with previous studies demonstrating that CREB over-expression occurs in many tumors, we also show by western-blotting from lung specimen that CREB is significantly up-regulated in NSCLC samples compared to adjacent normal tissues from six patients.

Conclusions: Overall, our results represent the first evidence of CREB inhibition by adiponectin and may provide new insight into therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.