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Morphology of the Human Pineal Gland Studied by Freeze-Fracturing in Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Life (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Špitálska Street 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
The human pineal gland is the largest producer of the hormone melatonin. Pineal acervuli (brain sand), calcified concretions in the pineal gland, have long been studied because of their association with ageing, melatonin production, and neurological disorders. The solid inorganic matter of the hydroxyapatite crystals often renders sample sectioning impossible, to the extent that the sections lose value.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnveiling the Hidden Burden: A Systematic Review on the Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Calcified Brain Metastases.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Department of Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
Background: Brain calcifications, found in various conditions, may be incidental or crucial for diagnosis. They occur in physiological changes, infections, genetic diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, vascular syndromes, metabolic disorders, endocrine disorders, and primary tumors like oligodendroglioma. While often incidental, their presence can be vital for accurate diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVarying pixel resolution significantly improves deep learning-based carotid plaque histology segmentation.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (UW-SMPH), Madison, USA.
Carotid plaques-the buildup of cholesterol, calcium, cellular debris, and fibrous tissues in carotid arteries-can rupture, release microemboli into the cerebral vasculature and cause strokes. The likelihood of a plaque rupturing is thought to be associated with its composition (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiant brain Stone: Calcifying pseudoneoplasm of the neuraxis (CAPNON).
J Clin Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India. Electronic address:
Iron Deficiency Promotes Intra-leaflet Haemorrhage-induced Aortic Valve Calcification: an Experimental Study.
Int J Surg
December 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Background: Interleaflet haemorrhage (IH) plays a well-recognized detrimental role in calcified aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, IH-induced fibro-osteogenic responses in valvular interstitial cells (VICs) appear to be triggered under specific pathological conditions. Iron deficiency (ID), a common co-morbidity in CAVD, may influence these responses.
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