Anti-C1q autoantibodies have been proposed as a useful marker in SLE. This study aimed at measuring serum levels of anti-C1q antibodies in patients with SLE and investigates correlations of this level with the histopathological classes of renal biopsies and disease activity. The anti-C1q antibody level was measured in 30 females SLE patients and 20 controls. The activity of SLE disease was calculated according to the SLE disease activity index. A renal biopsy from patients with clinical manifestations of renal disease was obtained. There was a significant increase in the level of anti-C1q antibodies in SLE patients than controls and in patients with active LN than inactive LN (P<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between anti-C1q antibody level and SLEDAI & rSLEDAI scores and activity index score of renal biopsies. Anti-C1q antibodies showed higher diagnostic sensitivity and specificity than anti-dsDNA antibodies. In conclusion, anti-C1q antibodies are useful and sensitive non-invasive biomarker with high specificity in combination with anti-dsDNA antibodies for the diagnosis of renal disease activity.
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