Factors predicting overall response and overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing balloon-occluded transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the factors predicting overall response and overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing balloon-occluded transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (B-TACE).

Methods: Sixty-six patients treated with B-TACE at a Japanese tertiary referral hospital between January 2011 and August 2015 were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Results: The overall response was classified as complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease in 35 (53.0%), 7 (10.6%), 13 (19.7%), and 11 (16.7%) patients, respectively. The response rate was 63.6%, and the disease control rate was 83.3%. The number of tumors (hazard ratio [HR], 4.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-15.7; P = 0.021) and α-fetoprotein level (HR, 11.40; 95% CI, 2.75-46.9; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the tumor response in a multivariate analysis. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 76.8% (95% CI, 64.5-85.3%), 57.3% (95% CI, 42.3-69.7%), and 46.7% (95% CI, 30.7-61.2%), respectively. The median survival time was 902 days. Albumin (≥3.4 g/dL) (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.12-0.63; P = 0.002) and overall response (complete response and partial response) (HR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.71; P = 0.004) were factors significantly associated with overall survival in a multivariate analysis. No mortalities were observed, but biloma requiring percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage occurred in one patient (1.5%).

Conclusion: Balloon-occluded transcatheter arterial chemoembolization may exert a good antitumor effect and result in good overall survival in select hepatocellular carcinoma patients.