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Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in the beta frequency range boosts cortical beta oscillations and slows down movement.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Germany
Recordings from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients typically show strong beta-band oscillations (13-35Hz), which can be modulated by deep brain stimulation (DBS). While high-frequency DBS (>100Hz) ameliorates motor symptoms and reduces beta activity in basal ganglia and motor cortex, the effects of low-frequency DBS (<30Hz) are less clear. Clarifying these effects is relevant for the debate about the role of beta oscillations in motor slowing, which might be causal or epiphenomenal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypotheses of pathophysiological mechanisms in epileptic encephalopathies: A review.
Brain Dev
January 2025
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Okayama University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
Introduction: Epileptic encephalopathy (EE) is a serious clinical issue that manifests as part of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), particularly in childhood epilepsy. In EE, neurocognitive functions and behavior are impaired by intense epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) activity. Hypotheses of pathophysiological mechanisms behind EE are reviewed to contribute to an effective solution for EE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultilayer network instability underlying persistent auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia.
Psychiatry Res
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China. Electronic address:
Background: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in schizophrenia (SCZ) are linked to brain network abnormalities. Resting-state fMRI studies often assume stable networks during scans, yet dynamic changes related to AVHs are not well understood.
Methods: We analyzed resting-state fMRI data from 60 SCZ patients with persistent AVHs (p-AVHs), 39 SCZ patients without AVHs (n-AVHs), and 59 healthy controls (HCs), matched for demographics.
Deep brain stimulation - A primer for psychiatrists.
Asian J Psychiatr
December 2024
OCD Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), India.
Deep Brain Stimulation is a form of neurostimulation where electrical stimulation is delivered via intracranial electrodes over specific subcortical targets. It has been increasingly used as an alternative to ablative procedures for psychiatric disorders refractory to standard treatments. This review describes the common psychiatric indications for DBS, the current evidence base, putative mechanisms, and future directions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroanatomical Variability and Substance Use Initiation in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence.
JAMA Netw Open
December 2024
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, Missouri.
Importance: The extent to which neuroanatomical variability associated with early substance involvement, which is associated with subsequent risk for substance use disorder development, reflects preexisting risk and/or consequences of substance exposure remains poorly understood.
Objective: To examine neuroanatomical features associated with early substance use initiation and to what extent associations may reflect preexisting vulnerability.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Cohort study using data from baseline through 3-year follow-up assessments of the ongoing longitudinal Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.
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