This paper discusses recent methodological approaches and investigations that are aimed at developing reliable behavioral technology for teaching stimulus-stimulus relations to individuals who are minimally verbal and show protracted difficulty in acquiring such relations. The paper has both empirical and theoretical content. The empirical component presents recent data concerning the possibility of generating rapid relational learning in individuals who do not initially show it. The theoretical component (1) considers decades of methodological investigations with this population and (2) suggests a testable hypothesis concerning some individuals exhibit unusual difficulties in learning. Given this background, we suggest a way forward to better understand and perhaps resolve these learning challenges.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15021149.2016.1139363 | DOI Listing |
Acta Psychol (Amst)
July 2022
Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Center and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, 18011 Granada, Spain.
Bearing in mind that cognitive control is a complex function that includes several processes, it is not clear exactly which ones deteriorate with age. In fact, controversial results have been found. For example, some studies indicate that age-related deficits are observed in proactive and not in reactive control, others show that it is reactive control that is impaired and not proactive control, and some studies find no deficits at all (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Behav Neurosci
August 2021
Department of Neurology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
The neural mechanisms of cognitive conflicts within various flanker tasks are still unclear, which may be mixed with different effects of short-term associations and long-term associations. We applied a perceptual (color) flanker task and a symbolic (arrow) flanker task to 25 healthy young adults, while the event-related potentials (ERP) and behavioral performance were recorded. The former contains stimulus-stimulus conflict (SSC) of short-term memory (STM) associations, and the latter contains stimulus-response conflict (SRC) of long-term memory (LTM) associations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Psychol (Amst)
April 2021
Department of Psychology and Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Education, Guangzhou University, China.
The dimensional overlap (DO) theory categorizes various stimulus-response compatible effects (e.g., the manual Stroop, Simon, and SNARC effects) into two main types: stimulus-stimulus (S-S) and stimulus-response (S-R) dimensional overlap effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Verbal Behav
April 2019
Division of Special Education & Counseling, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA.
A large amount of learning occurs through the observation of stimulus-stimulus relations. One procedure that involves this sort of learning is the stimulus-pairing observation procedure (SPOP). The current study involves a systematic replication of Byrne, Rehfeldt, and Aguirre (2014).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Psychol
July 2018
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Conflict adaptation is key in how children self-regulate and assert cognitive control in a given situation compared with a previous experience. In the current study, we analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) to identify age-related differences in conflict adaptation. Participants of different ages (5-year-old children, 10-year-old children, and adults) were subjected to a stimulus-stimulus (S-S) conflict control task (the flanker task) and a stimulus-response (S-R) conflict control task (the Simon task).
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