A total of 285 patients with medically inoperable (RTOG Stage T1-2, N0-1) or unresectable (RTOG Stage T3, N0-1) non-small cell carcinoma of the lung were randomized by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) to receive radiation therapy (6000 cGy total dose/6 weeks) plus levamisole (2.5 mg/kg twice weekly for 2 years or until tumor progression) or a placebo. One hundred twenty-nine evaluable patients were assigned to placebo and 131 to levamisole. This report is based on 260 (91%) eligible patients who started treatment and have adequate follow-up. Fifty percent of the patients in both treatment groups had Karnofsky scores of 90-100; 72% had squamous cell carcinoma, 12% adenocarcinoma, and 16% large cell undifferentiated carcinoma; 60% had RTOG Stage I or II primary tumors and 40% had Stage III (T3, N0-1) tumors. Complete regression of tumor was reported in 20% of the patients treated with levamisole and 36% of those receiving placebo. An additional 33% and 19%, respectively, had a partial response (trend test p = 0.08). Median survival was 9 months for patients treated with levamisole and 12 months for those on placebo (two-sided p less than 0.01); at 2 years, patients treated with levamisole had a 15% survival rate as compared to 24% in those receiving placebo. The cumulative proportion failing within the irradiated field with or without other sites of progression at 2 years was 30% in the levamisole group and 34% in the placebo patients. Median progression-free survival was 6 months for patients on levamisole and 7 months for those on placebo (overall two-sided p = 0.014); the estimated proportions progression-free at 2 years were 11% and 18%, respectively. The study showed no significant prolongation of survival, progression-free survival, or differences in patterns of failure in irradiated patients treated with levamisole compared with a placebo. Toxicity related to this immunoadjuvant was, in general, of moderate clinical importance. This study confirms a report by the Southeastern Cancer Study Group concluding that levamisole combined with definitive irradiation has no benefit in the treatment of unresectable non-small cell carcinoma of the lung.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3016(88)90229-5 | DOI Listing |
J Oral Pathol Med
January 2025
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Background: Considering that peripheral blood biomarkers are prognostic predictors for several human tumors, this study aimed to comparatively analyze the association of hematological alterations with the incidence of epithelial dysplasia (ED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in male and female mice treated with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and ethanol (EtOH).
Methods: 120 C57Bl/6J mice (60 males and 60 females) were allocated to four groups (n = 15). They were treated firstly either with 5 mg/mL propylene glycol (PPG) or 100 μg/mL 4NQO in the drinking water for 10 weeks, followed by sterilized water (HO) or 8% EtOH (v/v) for 15 weeks, as follows: PPG/HO, PPG/EtOH, 4NQO/HO, and 4NQO/EtOH (CEUA-UFU, #020/21).
Ann Surg Oncol
January 2025
Department of Otolaryngology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly lethal disease, often diagnosed with advanced locoregional and distant metastases, resulting in a median survival of just 3-5 months. This study determines the stratified effectiveness of baseline treatments in all combinations, enabling precise prognoses prediction and establishing benchmarks for advanced therapeutic options.
Methods: The study extracted a cohort of pathologically confirmed ATC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.
Cell Biol Toxicol
January 2025
Division of Abdominal Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center and Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.
Sorafenib (Sora) is a first-line treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It can significantly improve the survival rate of patients with advanced HCC, but it is prone to drug resistance during treatment, so the therapeutic effect is extremely limited. Here, we demonstrate that an elevated expression of protein kinase p38γ in hepatocellular carcinoma cells diminishes the tumor cells' sensitivity to Sora.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSports Med Open
January 2025
Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Background: Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health and physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits and risks of marathon running on different organ systems has been published.
Main Body: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits and risks of marathon training and racing on different organ systems.
Biochem Genet
January 2025
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jingmen People's Hospital, JingChu University of Technology Affiliated Jingmen People's Hospital, No.39 Xiangshan Road Dongbao Zone, Jingmen, 448000, China.
Breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) affects women worldwide, and despite advancements in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment, outcomes remain suboptimal. TNIP1, a novel target involved in multiple immune signaling pathways, influences tumor development and survival. However, the connection between BRCA and TNIP1 remains unclear.
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