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Introduction: Although giant cystic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are uncommon, they can be life-threatening when it occurs. Unfortunately, prior case reports have shown that giant cystic PPGLs are highly susceptible to diagnostic errors. Therefore, this study aimed to explore giant cystic PPGLs by comparing them with non-cystic PPGLs, defining the clinical features of the affected patients, and analyzing the characteristics of misdiagnosis and mistreatment associated with PPGLs.

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A 44-year-old man was diagnosed with a giant pheochromocytoma in the right retroperitoneal cavity following treatment for heart failure. Subsequent to improvement in cardiac function, the patient underwent a laparotomy to excise the tumor. Due to its considerable size, partial cardiopulmonary bypass and blood purification therapy were initiated to stabilize hemodynamics during the surgical intervention.

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Cryptococcal invasion: a comprehensive case of adrenal and systemic infection amid immunosuppression.

BMC Infect Dis

October 2024

Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Jixi Road 218, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.

Article Synopsis
  • - The case report discusses a patient with disseminated cryptococcosis, a rare fungal infection affecting the lungs and central nervous system, complicated by meningitis and pneumonia, along with unusual adrenal involvement.
  • - This patient was immunosuppressed due to primary myelofibrosis and Ruxolitinib treatment, showing significant findings in imaging scans that led to the discovery of adrenal cryptococcosis through surgical intervention and pathology.
  • - After a month of oral antifungal treatment, including amphotericin B and other medications, the patient showed improved outcomes with reduced antigen levels and no signs of recurrence during follow-up visits.
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Context: Data on giant pheochromocytomas (PHEO), defined based on size ≥ 10 cm, are scarce.

Objective: to compare presentation, management, and outcomes of patients with giant vs non-giant PHEOs.

Design: retrospective cohort study, 2000-2023.

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