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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived via somatic cell reprogramming have been reported to reset aged somatic cells to a more youthful state, characterized by elongated telomeres, a rearranged mitochondrial network, reduced oxidative stress, and restored pluripotency. However, it is still unclear whether the reprogrammed aged somatic cells can function normally as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) during development and be rejuvenated. In the current study, we applied the aggregation technique to investigate whether iPSCs derived from aged somatic cells could develop normally and be rejuvenated. iPSCs derived from bone marrow myeloid cells of 2-month-old (2 M) and 18-month-old (18 M) C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP)1Osb/J mice were aggregated with embryos derived from wild-type ICR mice to produce chimeras (referred to as 2 M CA and 18 M CA, respectively). Our observations focused on comparing the ability of the iPSCs derived from 18 M and 2 M bone marrow cells to develop rejuvenated cardiac tissue (the heart is the most vital organ during aging). The results showed an absence of p16 and p53 upregulation, telomere length shortening, and mitochondrial gene expression and deletion in 18 M CA, whereas slight changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, cytochrome C oxidase activity, ATP production, and reactive oxygen species production were observed in CA cardiac tissues. The data implied that all of the aging characteristics observed in the newborn cardiac tissue of 18 M CA were comparable with those of 2 M CA newborn cardiac tissue. This study provides the first direct evidence of the aging-related characteristics of cardiac tissue developed from aged iPSCs, and our observations demonstrate that partial rejuvenation can be achieved by reprogramming aged somatic cells to a pluripotent state.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/rej.2017.1930 | DOI Listing |
Aging Cell
December 2024
Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative therapies due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Pathological microenvironments expose MSCs to senescence-inducing factors such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in MSC functional decline and loss of stemness. Oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, a hallmark of senescence, and is prevalent in aging tissues characterized by elevated ROS levels.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThorac Cardiovasc Surg Rep
January 2024
Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Klinikum Bayreuth, Medical Campus Oberfranken of Friedrich Alexander University, Germany.
Cardiac myxomas are the most common primary cardiac neoplasms. We present a case of a middle-aged lady with cardiac myxoma in her left atrium awaiting semi-elective surgery. During the preoperative period, the patient presented emergently with acute bilateral lower limb ischemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA.
Aims And Objectives: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of two AI models - OpenAI's GPT-4 Turbo (San Francisco, CA) and Meta's LLaMA 3.1 (Menlo Park, CA) - when answering a standardized set of pediatric radiology questions. The primary objective was to evaluate the overall accuracy of each model, while the secondary objective was to assess their performance within subsections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
November 2024
Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, CHN.
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary artery disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, cardiomyopathy, and atrial fibrillation and flutter, are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, resulting in significant economic and health costs. Recognizing trends and geographical differences in the global burden of CVD facilitates health authorities in particular nations to assess the disease burden and forecast future epidemiological trends. Public health authorities in each country can better understand the differences in disease data and, by learning from the experiences and practices of successful countries and considering the characteristics of their diseases, allocate health resources more rationally and formulate more targeted healthcare strategies to reduce the disease burden.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Physiol
December 2024
School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Introduction: Automatic segmentation of the left atrium (LA) constitutes a crucial pre-processing step in evaluating heart structure and function during clinical interventions, such as image-guided radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Despite prior research on LA segmentation, the low contrast in medical images exacerbates the challenge of distinguishing various tissues, rendering accurate boundary delineation of the target area formidable. Moreover, class imbalance due to the small target size further complicates segmentation.
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