White rats were subjected to ethanol exposure during 5-20 days of pregnancy. 3H-muscimol binding with synaptosomal neocortex membranes yielded from two month age offsprings was studied. 3H-muscimol binding level for experimental animals was 27% more than for control ones. Possible ways of GABAergic system malformation are discussed.
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bioRxiv
December 2024
Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD, 21205, USA.
Live human brain tissues provide unique opportunities for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of synaptic transmission. Investigations have been limited to anatomy, electrophysiology, and protein localization-while crucial parameters such as synaptic vesicle dynamics were not visualized. Here we utilize zap-and-freeze time-resolved electron microscopy to overcome this hurdle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
December 2024
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Neurophysiology, Berlin, Germany.
Synaptic mechanisms that contribute to human memory consolidation remain largely unexplored. Consolidation critically relies on sleep. During slow wave sleep, neurons exhibit characteristic membrane potential oscillations known as UP and DOWN states.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
December 2024
Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States.
Amyloid β (Aβ) forms aggregates in the Alzheimer's disease brain and is well known for its pathological roles. Recent studies show that it also regulates neuronal physiology in the healthy brain. Whether Aβ also regulates glial physiology in the normal brain, however, has remained unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Neuropathol Commun
November 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type IIb (FCD IIb) is an epileptogenic malformation of the neocortex that is characterized by cortical dyslamination, dysmorphic neurons (DNs) and balloon cells (BCs). Approximately 30-60% of lesions are associated with brain somatic mutations in the mTOR pathway. Herein, we investigated the transcriptional changes around the DNs and BCs regions in freshly frozen brain samples from three patients with FCD IIb by using spatial transcriptomics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Commun
October 2024
Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
The interplay between neuronal structure and function underpins the dynamic nature of neocortical networks. Despite extensive studies in animal models, our understanding of structure-function interrelations in the adult human brain remains incomplete. Recent methodological advances have facilitated the functional analysis of individual neurons within the human neocortex, providing a new understanding of fundamental brain processes.
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