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Adhesion forces and mechanics in mannose-mediated acanthamoeba interactions. | LitMetric

Adhesion forces and mechanics in mannose-mediated acanthamoeba interactions.

PLoS One

Institute of Materials Science, Biocompatible Nanomaterials, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kaiserstr. 2, D-24143 Kiel, Germany.

Published: September 2017

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study focuses on Acanthamoeba castellanii, a pathogenic amoeba responsible for severe diseases such as keratitis and encephalitis, and its mechanism for adhering to and killing target cells.
  • It investigates how mannose, a component of the target cell's glycocalix, mediates this adhesion through force spectroscopy techniques, examining how contact time influences the strength of attachment.
  • Results indicate that longer contact times increase the energy required to detach the amoebae, suggesting early interactions do not involve the cytoskeleton but rather are tied to membrane tether formation.

Article Abstract

The human pathogenic amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii (A. castellanii) causes severe diseases, including acanthamoeba keratitis and encephalitis. Pathogenicity arises from the killing of target-cells by an extracellular killing mechanism, where the crucial first step is the formation of a close contact between A. castellanii and the target-cell. This process is mediated by the glycocalix of the target-cell and mannose has been identified as key mediator. The aim of the present study was to carry out a detailed biophysical investigation of mannose-mediated adhesion of A. castellanii using force spectroscopy on single trophozoites. In detail, we studied the interaction of a mannose-coated cantilever with an A. castellanii trophozoite, as mannose is the decisive part of the cellular glycocalix in mediating pathogenicity. We observed a clear increase of the force to initiate cantilever detachment from the trophozoite with increasing contact time. This increase is also associated with an increase in the work of detachment. Furthermore, we also analyzed single rupture events during the detachment process and found that single rupture processes are associated with membrane tether formation, suggesting that the cytoskeleton is not involved in mannose binding events during the first few seconds of contact. Our study provides an experimental and conceptual basis for measuring interactions between pathogens and target-cells at different levels of complexity and as a function of interaction time, thus leading to new insights into the biophysical mechanisms of parasite pathogenicity.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5417443PMC
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0176207PLOS

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