In a previous paper, a technique was developed for decomposing the incoherent optical transfer function (OTF) into a linear combination of basis functions [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A31, 2476 (2014)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.31.002476]. The expansion coefficients for the OTF are directly related to wavefront error coefficients and apodization factors. This earlier work assumed rotational symmetry, so that only the on-axis wavefront error components, defocus and various orders of spherical aberration, and rotationally symmetric apodization were handled. In this paper, the technique is generalized to handle arbitrary wavefront errors and apodization. Analytic expressions for the basis functions as well as an example expansion are provided.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.34.000726 | DOI Listing |
We present the first, to our knowledge, metasurface holographic display method with exceptional fidelity and minimal edge noise, based on highly uniform flat-top light generated by a digital micromirror device (DMD). Based on the error-diffusion algorithm and iterative refinement process, the amplitude distribution of the initial Gaussian light was dynamically closed-loop modulated, and the standard difference of the intensity of the 3 mm diameter center flat-top beam was reduced to less than 3.4%.
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January 2025
Applied Electromagnetic Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan.
As the demand for computational performance in artificial intelligence (AI) continues to increase, diffractive deep neural networks (DNNs), which can perform AI computing at the speed of light by repeated optical modulation with diffractive optical elements (DOEs), are attracting attention. DOEs are varied in terms of fabrication methods and materials, and among them, volume holographic optical elements (vHOEs) have unique features such as high selectivity and multiplex recordability for wavelength and angle. However, when those are used for DNNs, they suffer from unknown wavefront aberrations compounded by multiple fabrication errors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Synchrotron Radiat
January 2025
Dalian Coherent Light Source and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
Free-electron laser (FEL) facilities operating at MHz repetition rates can emit lasers with average powers reaching hundreds of watts. Partial absorption of this power induces thermal deformation of a few micrometres on the mirror surface. Such deformation degrades the characteristics of the reflected photon beam, leading to focal spot aberrations and wavefront distortions that fail to meet experimental requirements.
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CAEN, Viareggio, Italy.
We provide a technical description and experimental results of the practical development and offline testing of an innovative, closed-loop, adaptive mirror system capable of making rapid, precise and ultra-stable changes in the size and shape of reflected X-ray beams generated at synchrotron light and free-electron laser facilities. The optical surface of a piezoelectric bimorph deformable mirror is continuously monitored at 20 kHz by an array of interferometric sensors. This matrix of height data is autonomously converted into voltage commands that are sent at 1 Hz to the piezo actuators to modify the shape of the mirror optical surface.
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December 2024
School of Opto-Electronics Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an 710021, China.
To overcome the limitations of phase sampling points in testing aspherical surface wavefronts using traditional interferometers, we propose a high-spatial-resolution method based on multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the methodology, which includes the theoretical foundations and experimental setup, along with the results from simulations and experiments. By establishing a relational model between the multi-directional differential wavefront and differential Zernike polynomials, we demonstrate high-spatial-resolution wavefront reconstruction using multi-directional orthogonal lateral shearing interferometry.
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