We present a rational, scientific, low-risk approach to patellofemoral pain (anterior knee pain) based on an understanding of tissue homeostasis. Loss of tissue homeostasis from overload and/or injury produces pain. Bone overload and synovial inflammation are common sources of such pain. Chondromalacia and malalignment are findings that almost always do not need to be "corrected" to relieve pain. Patience and persistence in nonoperative care results in consistent success. Surgery should be rare and done only after extensive nonoperative management and in the setting of clearly defined pathology. Rational surgical treatment is explained in the context of restoring tissue homeostasis to relieve pain.
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Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
Introduction: The intricate interplay between organs can give rise to a multitude of physiological conditions. Disruptions such as inflammation or tissue damage can precipitate the development of chronic diseases such as tumors or diabetes mellitus (DM). While both lung cancer and DM are the consequences of disruptions in homeostasis, the relationship between them is intricate.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunol Res
January 2025
Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University Colleges of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, 700009, West Bengal, India.
Septic arthritis (SA) caused by Staphylococcus aureus is a severe inflammatory joint disease, characterized by synovitis accompanied with cartilage destruction and bone erosion. The available antibiotic treatment alone is insufficient to resolve the inflammation that leads to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Among the CD4 T helper lymphocytes, the Th17 and Tregs are key regulators of immune homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Neurosci
January 2025
Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
Essentially, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a line of demarcation between neural tissues and the bloodstream. A unique and protective characteristic of the blood-brain barrier is its ability to maintain cerebral homeostasis by regulating the flux of molecules and ions. The inability to uphold proper functioning in any of these constituents leads to the disruption of this specialized multicellular arrangement, consequently fostering neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Leukoc Biol
January 2025
Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi-110029, India.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal condition characterized by the deterioration of bone tissue. The immune system plays a crucial role in maintaining bone homeostasis and combating the development of osteoporosis. Immunoporosis is the term used to describe the recent convergence of research on the immune system's role in osteoporosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
Menopause is a natural biological aging process characterized by the loss of ovarian follicular function and decrease estrogen levels. These hormonal fluctuations are associated with increased iron levels, which ultimately lead to iron accumulation. This study aims to investigate the effects of Deferasirox on iron homeostasis and hematopoiesis in ovariectomized rats with iron accumulation.
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