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Androgen and Estrogen Shifts in Men Before and After Bariatric Surgery and Links to Vitamins and Trace Elements. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - Androgens and estrogens significantly affect sexual health and reproduction, with obese men showing elevated estradiol levels, particularly when testosterone is low, which can negatively impact these functions.
  • - Bariatric surgery can help normalize sex hormones and address some obesity-related health issues, but elevated estrogen levels can still lead to a higher risk of fractures and nutritional deficiencies, especially in zinc and vitamin D.
  • - There is limited research on how bariatric surgery affects male reproductive health and sex hormones, but existing studies suggest a need for further exploration into the relationships between hormones, nutrients, and reproduction post-surgery.

Article Abstract

Androgens and estrogens play a key role regarding sexual life and reproduction. Along with hypotestosteronemia, obese men exhibit a 2-fold increase in estradiol concentration, adversely infl uencing these parameters. Estrogens and adipokines also infl uence bone metabolism, exerting a direct effect on vitamin D, calcium homeostasis and bone health. Bariatric procedures normalize some sex hormones, and may reverse several obesity-related conditions. Estrogens levels may remain elevated postoperatively, and despite its protective effect on the skeleton, bariatric patients are more prone to fractures when compared to the general population. Multiple nutritional defi cits are common after bariatric interventions, and hypozincemia is the most likely to negatively infl uence reproductive parameters. Zinc is an essential element for normal spermatogenesis, and severe hypozincemia is associated with infertility in both sexes. Vitamin D also acts as a regulator of several enzymes involved in steroid hormone production, and its defi ciency could impair reproductive function. Few studies have addressed changes in sex hormones and in reproductive function in the male bariatric population, as they represent a minority of surgical candidates. Although obesity rates and burden are similar for both sexes, society is more lenient with the obese male. Moreover, 73 % of overweight/obese men are satisfi ed with their health, causing body weight and obesity-related health problems to increase when they opt for bariatric surgery. In the present article, we discuss shifts of sex hormones before and after bariatric surgery, surgery impact on semen quality, skeletal health and nutrients, and new research directions regarding links between vitamin D, zinc, androgens and reproduction.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000295DOI Listing

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