Weight loss in obese girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome is associated with a decrease in Anti-Muellerian Hormone concentrations.

Objective: The Anti-Muellerian Hormone (AMH) has been reported as surrogate marker of antral follicles, which are the origins of hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Therefore, AMH may be useful for the diagnosis of PCOS. The objective was to study the longitudinal changes in AMH concentrations in girls with and without PCOS.

Design: This is a longitudinal study of obese girls participating in a 1-year lifestyle intervention.

Patients: Forty obese girls aged 13-16 years (50% with PCOS) were included in the study. Girls with and without PCOS were matched to age, BMI and change in weight status.

Measurements: AMH, gonadotropins, androstenedione, testosterone, oestradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined.

Results: Obese girls with PCOS demonstrated significantly (P<.001) higher AMH concentrations (5.8±3.1 ng/mL) compared to obese girls without PCOS (2.4±1.4 ng/mL). None of the girls without PCOS had AMH concentrations ≥6 ng/mL and none of the PCOS girls showed AMH concentrations ≤3 ng/mL. Weight loss in girls with PCOS was associated with a significant drop in AMH concentrations (-1.4±1.8 ng/mL, P=.045). AMH was significantly related to testosterone (cross-sectional: b-coefficient 3.7±1.7, P=.001, longitudinal: b-coefficient 0.54±0.47, P=.026) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (cross-sectional: b-coefficient 0.05±0.04, P=.039, longitudinal: b-coefficient 0.005±0.004, P=.039), but not to any other analysed parameter in multiple linear regression analyses adjusted to multiple confounders.

Conclusions: AMH was increased in adolescent girls with PCOS and normalized with weight loss. AMH was cross-sectionally and longitudinally related to hyperandrogenism.