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The mechanical properties of extracellular matrix (ECM) and connective tissues is largely dependent on the collagen and elastin structure. Lysyl oxidase (LOX) plays a critical role in the formation and repair of the ECM by oxidizing lysine residues in elastin and collagen, thereby initiating the formation of covalent cross linkages which stabilize these fibrous proteins. Due to its multiple functions both extracellularly and intracellularly, lysyl oxidase is involved in several processes in the tumorigenic pathway, in many different cancer types and stages. Alteration in LOX activity is implicated in many diseases and disorders including inflammation and inflammatory diseases, fibrosis of distinct organs and fibrotic disorders, cancer promotion and progression. There are only sparse reports of mutations or epigenetic alterations in the LOX gene. This review provides the recent clinical developments in the molecular mechanisms and pathologic process, pointing out LOX as a potential therapeutic target in translational medicine.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12291-016-0576-7 | DOI Listing |
Cells
March 2025
Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
Macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction, caused by oxidative stress, has been proposed as an essential event in the progression of chronic inflammation diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The cluster of differentiation-36 (CD36) and lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) scavenger receptors mediate macrophage uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction by sustained production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), as well as membrane depolarization. In the present study, the antioxidant mechanisms of action of the selective synthetic azapeptide CD36 ligand MPE-298 have been revealed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
March 2025
State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
Profiling multiple enzymatic activities in tissue is crucial for understanding complex metabolic and signaling networks, yet remains a challenge with existing optical microscopies. Here, we developed a Fenton-promoted luminol electrochemiluminescence (ECL) imaging method to achieve the spatial mapping of multiple enzymatic activities within a single tissue section. This method quantitatively visualizes individual enzymatic activity by combining the enzymatic conversion of substrates with the chemical confinement of the locally produced hydrogen peroxide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Cell Physiol
March 2025
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
Hypertension increases the prevalence of heart failure to a greater extent in women than in men. The fibrotic remodeling of the left ventricle is a major contributor to increased myocardial stiffness and eventual decrease in cardiac function. Injury-induced cardiac fibrosis can be prevented in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) by transient angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi) in males.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomaterials
August 2025
Institute of Frontier Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China. Electronic address:
As one of the key tools of biocatalysis, natural enzymes have received extensive attention due to their unique activity. However, the non-selective catalysis and early leakage induced by delivery dependency of natural enzymes can cause side effects on normal tissues. Moreover, although cuproptosis is an emerging tumor-inhibiting programmed cell death, the occurrence of cuproptosis leads to high expression of Cu-dependent lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2), which promotes tumor metastasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObesity (Silver Spring)
March 2025
Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Objective: Systemic administration of β-aminopropionitrile to inhibit lysyl oxidase (Lox) activity improves metabolism, but it exhibits a broad spectrum of effects. Clarification of the role of Lox in adipose tissue metabolism under high-fat diet (HFD) conditions is needed.
Methods: Mice with adipose tissue knockout of Lox (Lox) and wild-type mice were subjected to a 16-week HFD regimen.
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