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Unbiased picture of the ligand docking process for the hevein protein-oligosaccharide complex.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Nishi, Gakuen-Kibanadai, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
The ligand-docking behavior of hevein, the major latex protein from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae), has been investigated by the unguided molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. An oligosaccharide molecule, initially placed in an arbitrary position, was allowed to move around hevein for a prolonged simulation time, on the order of microseconds, with the expectation of spontaneous ligand docking of the oligosaccharide molecule to the binding site of hevein. In the binary solution system consisting of a hevein molecule and a chito-trisaccharide (GlcNAc) molecule, three out of the six separate simulation runs successfully reproduced the complex structure of the observed binding from.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVariable schedules of reinforcement do not reliably distinguish habit from goal-directed behavior.
Neurosci Lett
January 2025
Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, 5A Butlerova Street, 117485 Moscow, Russian Federation. Electronic address:
Contemporary analyses of neurophysiological mechanisms of associative learning suggest that instrumental behavior can be controlled by separable action and habit processes. An increasingly broad range of human psychiatric and neurological disorders are now associated with maladaptive habit formation. The question of how the brain controls transitions into habit is thus relevant.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvestigating the influence of the molecular structure and physiochemical properties of starches from glutinous and japonica sorghum on light-flavor liquor fermentation.
Int J Biol Macromol
January 2025
College of Biological Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 643000, China; Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Liquor-Making Grains, Yibin 643000, China.
Glutinous and japonica sorghum can be applied to different production processes by their amylopectin content and starch structure. However, the differences in the fine structure and physiochemistry properties of their starches, as well as their fermentation properties remain unclear. Compared with japonica sorghum, glutinous sorghum has a higher amylopectin content, short amylose chain content, relative crystallinity, and ∆H, but lower setback (SB), and starch granule size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomineralized and metallized small extracellular vesicles encapsulated in hydrogels for mitochondrial-targeted synergistic tumor therapy.
Acta Biomater
January 2025
Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, P. R. China. Electronic address:
Targeted organelle therapy is a promising therapeutic method for significantly regulating the tumor microenvironment, yet it often lacks effective strategies for leveraging synergistic enhancement effect. Engineered small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are expected to address this challenge due to their notable advantages in drug delivery, extended circulation time, and intercellular information transmission. Herein, we prepare sEVs with pH and photothermal dual-responsiveness, which are encapsulated with hydrogels for a quadruple-efficient synergistic therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTime-dependent fear memory generalization triggered by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition during reconsolidation.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address:
Fear generalization, a lack of discrimination between safe and unsafe cues, is a hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder. The phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) regulates the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, which has been proposed to be involved in fear memory generalization. However, whether PDE5 activity underlies fear memory generalization remains unexplored.
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