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Glandular trichomes are metabolic cell factories with the capacity to produce large quantities of secondary metabolites. Little is known about the connection between central carbon metabolism and metabolic productivity for secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes. To address this gap in our knowledge, we performed comparative metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and C-labeling of type VI glandular trichomes and leaves from a cultivated ( LA4024) and a wild ( LA1777) tomato accession. Specific features of glandular trichomes that drive the formation of secondary metabolites could be identified. Tomato type VI trichomes are photosynthetic but acquire their carbon essentially from leaf sucrose. The energy and reducing power from photosynthesis are used to support the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, while the comparatively reduced Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle activity may be involved in recycling metabolic CO Glandular trichomes cope with oxidative stress by producing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, oxylipins, and glutathione. Finally, distinct mechanisms are present in glandular trichomes to increase the supply of precursors for the isoprenoid pathways. Particularly, the citrate-malate shuttle supplies cytosolic acetyl-CoA and plastidic glycolysis and malic enzyme support the formation of plastidic pyruvate. A model is proposed on how glandular trichomes achieve high metabolic productivity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.17.00060 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Bot
January 2025
UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
BMC Res Notes
December 2024
Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35123 Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, Italy.
The adaxial leaf surface of butterworts (Pinguicula L.) presents specialized structures for carnivory, such as trichomes and sessile glands. The micromorphology of abaxial leaf surfaces has rarely been investigated; therefore, this study aimed to compare the micromorphology of adaxial and abaxial surfaces through electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2024
Research and Development Center of Chinese Medicine Resources and Biotechnology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China. Electronic address:
Sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua), an annual herb belonging to the Compositae family, is the main source of the potent anti-malarial drug artemisinin, which is mainly produced in glandular trichomes of A. annua leaves. The WD40 protein family is one of the largest protein families in eukaryotes and plays crucial roles in regulating plant growth and development, stress responses, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Soc Mass Spectrom
December 2024
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States.
Leaves of tomato plants contain various glandular trichomes that produce a wide range of metabolic products including acylsugars, which may serve as a defense mechanism against various insect pests. Acylsugars exhibit significant structural diversity, differing in their sugar cores, acylated positions, and type of acyl chains. This work demonstrated a comprehensive approach using multidimensional separation techniques, specifically liquid chromatography-ion mobility-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS/MS), for structural characterization, and the discrimination of different tomato plants (one cultivar and five accessions) was demonstrated using tomato leaf extracts; six genotypes from five species of were represented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunct Integr Genomics
November 2024
Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. is a rich source of industrially important compounds like γ-terpinene, carvacrol, thymol and thymoquinone.
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