Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 3100
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Thymoglobulin (ATG) is a polyclonal rabbit antibody against human thymocytes used as a T cell-depleting agent in organ transplantation. Its polyclonal character suggests that its effect may go far beyond just T cell depletion. The aim of this study was to further elucidate possible mechanisms underlying the suppressive activity of ATG. For in vitro studies, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated with ATG or control Ig for various time points. Foxp3 regulatory cells (T) and monocytes were phenotypically analyzed by flow cytometry and functionally tested by in vitro suppression assays. Cytokine levels were determined by quantitative RT- PCR, Multiplex or ELISA techniques. In vitro, the frequencies of Foxp3 T increased when human PBMC were stimulated with ATG as compared with stimulation by rabbit Ig or without stimulation. ATG-treated cells suppressed proliferation of autologous PBMC stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies and this suppression could be reversed by exogenous IL-2. The Foxp3 expression dropped down on day 10, which suggests that it is transient. Monocytes and natural killer cells stimulated with ATG down-modulated CD16. Monocytes suppressed the proliferation of autologous PBMC. However, there were not statistically significant differences in IL-10, TNF-α and TGF-β1 secretion by monocytes stimulated with ATG or control rabbit Ig. These findings suggest that ATG has immunomodulatory effects that go beyond T cell depletion and induction of Foxp3 T. The induction of immunosuppressive monocytes might have a protective role in delaying transplant rejection.
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Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2017.04.002 | DOI Listing |
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