Many physiological processes fluctuate throughout the day/night and daily fluctuations are observed in brain and peripheral levels of several hormones, neuropeptides and transmitters. In turn, mediators under the "control" of the "master biological clock" reciprocally influence its function. Dysregulation in the rhythmicity of hormone release as well as hormone receptor sensitivity and availability in different tissues, is a common risk-factor for multiple clinical conditions, including psychiatric and metabolic disorders. At the same time circadian rhythms remain in a strong, reciprocal interaction with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Recent findings point to a role of circadian disturbances and excessive stress in the development of obesity and related food consumption and metabolism abnormalities, which constitute a major health problem worldwide. Appetite, food intake and energy balance are under the influence of several brain neuropeptides, including the orexigenic agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone and relaxin-3. Importantly, orexigenic neuropeptide neurons remain under the control of the circadian timing system and are highly sensitive to various stressors, therefore the potential neuronal mechanisms through which disturbances in the daily rhythmicity and stress-related mediator levels contribute to food intake abnormalities rely on reciprocal interactions between these elements.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2017.00127 | DOI Listing |
Psychiatr Hung
January 2025
Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary, E-mail:
Introduction: The Eating Habits Questionnaire (EHQ) is a key tool in evaluating orthorexia nervosa, an obsession with healthy eating. However, the evaluation process of EHQ has witnessed considerable variation, with one item notably excluded from the last phase of its development. This study undertakes a thorough re-evaluation of the English version of the EHQ, focusing on its original 35 items, within two diverse populations (fashion models and university students) where English serves predominantly as a second language.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVet Med Sci
January 2025
College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia.
Background: Lack of knowledge regarding zoonotic transmission, prevention and control measures is a potential high risk for the occurrence of zoonotic diseases.
Objective: The study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of dairy farm participants concerning zoonoses.
Animals: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2022 in and around Sodo town, using a questionnaire among dairy farm participants (n = 123).
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
January 2025
Metabolism and Nutrition Department. NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa. Lisbon, Portugal.
Appetite, as the internal drive for food intake, is often dysregulated in a broad spectrum of conditions associated with over- and under-nutrition across the lifespan. Appetite regulation is a complex, integrative process comprising psychological and behavioral events, peripheral and metabolic inputs, and central neurotransmitter and metabolic interactions. The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a critical mediator of multiple physiological processes, including energy metabolism, brain function, and behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Ment Health
January 2025
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Unhealthy eating, a risk factor for eating disorders (EDs) and obesity, often coexists with emotional and behavioral problems; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Analyzing data from the longitudinal IMAGEN adolescent cohort, we investigated associations between eating behaviors, genetic predispositions for high body mass index (BMI) using polygenic scores (PGSs), and trajectories (ages 14-23 years) of ED-related psychopathology and brain maturation. Clustering analyses at age 23 years ( = 996) identified 3 eating groups: restrictive, emotional/uncontrolled and healthy eaters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJPRAS Open
March 2025
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of the Ryukyu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
Total pharyngo-laryngo-esophagectomy (TPLE) with free jejunal transplantation (FJT) is the standard reconstructive procedure for hypopharyngeal cancer, typically utilizing the superior thyroid artery as the recipient vessel. However, patient-specific anatomical variations and comorbidities can significantly complicate this surgery. We present a unique case of a 68-year-old male with hypopharyngeal cancer who exhibited multiple challenges, including short stature (126 cm), low weight (35 kg), cervical spondylosis, and a history of vertebroplasty, highlighting the complexities inherent in such reconstructions.
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