Background: Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is associated with increased risk of death in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Mitral and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE and TAPSE, respectively) are measures of longitudinal systolic function and are reduced in human patients with HCM.
Hypotheses: Cats with HCM have lower MAPSE and TAPSE compared to control cats; lower MAPSE and TAPSE are associated with the presence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and reduced survival time.
Animals: 64 cats with HCM and 27 healthy cats. Forty-five cats with HCM were not showing clinical signs, and 19 had CHF.
Methods: Retrospective study. Anatomic M-mode from the left apical 4-chamber view was used to record MAPSE from the free wall (MAPSE FW) and septum (MAPSE IVS) and TAPSE.
Results: Compared to controls, cats with HCM had lower MAPSE IVS (controls 5.2 [4.6-5.6] mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 [4.1-5.2] mm, HCM with CHF 2.6 [2.5-3.2] mm, P < .001), MAPSE FW (controls 5.9 [5.3-6.2] mm, asymptomatic HCM 4.7 [4.1-5.1] mm, HCM with CHF 2.8 [2.4-3.2] mm) and TAPSE (controls 8.6 [7.4-10.2] mm, asymptomatic HCM 7.2 [6.3-8.2] mm, HCM with CHF 4.6 [4.1-5.4] mm), with the lowest in the CHF group. Univariate survival analysis showed a shorter survival in cats displaying lower MAPSE IVS, MAPSE FW, and TAPSE.
Conclusions And Clinical Importance: MAPSE and TAPSE were lower in cats with HCM than in control cats and were lowest in CHF, suggesting that systolic longitudinal dysfunction is present in cats with HCM. MAPSE and TAPSE have potential prognostic significance.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvim.14697 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common heart condition in cats, leading to heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction, and can be classified as obstructive or non-obstructive based on whether there's an obstruction in the outflow tract.
- Recent research focused on using color M-mode (CMM) to measure intraventricular pressure differences (IVPD) and create an intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) index to assess diastolic impairment non-invasively in cats with obstructive HCM.
- The findings indicated that while there was no severe left atrial enlargement in cats with obstructive HCM, the IVPG was significantly higher compared to control cats, suggesting elevated left
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