Elimination of human pathogenic viruses during the filtration of contaminated water or during groundwater recharge with surface water relies a great deal on the adsorption and permanent binding of the viruses to the soil or to the aquifer material. In the present study we have investigated the influence of organic contamination, of grain size, and of the presence of several ions and other compounds on the adsorption of four enteroviruses to sand. Results showed an impaired adsorption of viruses in organic contaminated soil. Smaller sand grain sizes, specially the colloidally suspended particles, did bind viruses more efficiently than the larger ones. This points to the possibility of designing filters containing sand of reduced grain sizes where elimination of viruses is a main objective. Several cations increased the binding of viruses to sand and caused the viruses to aggregate. This property might be taken advantage of during coagulation-sedimentation processes, in order to optimize viral reduction.
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