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Re-evaluation of mastodon material from Oregon and Washington, USA, Alberta, Canada, and Hidalgo and Jalisco, Mexico.
PeerJ
January 2025
Faunal Archaeology Consultant, Olympia, Washington, United States.
The presence of at least two contemporaneous Pleistocene mastodon taxa in North America ( and ) invites re-examination of specimens at the geographic margins of each species in order to determine range boundaries, overlaps, and fluctuations. Third molars from Oregon in the United States, as well as from Hidalgo and Jalisco in Mexico, were found to be morphologically consistent with . Washington in the United States includes a number of specimens that could not be confidently assigned to either taxon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSynchrotron XRF spectroscopy for reading salt-encrusted cuneiform tablets.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Languages and Cultures, Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Cuneiform tablets were a primary writing medium in the ancient Near East from the late fourth millennium BCE to the first century CE. Although these clay tablets were durable for daily use, prolonged burial over millennia has made them vulnerable to salt damage. Fluctuations in temperature and humidity cause the migration of salts to the surface of the tablets, damaging them and covering the inscriptions, making the text unreadable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods of extraction of genetic material from hard tissues: A review of the 21st century advancements.
Forensic Sci Int
January 2025
Department of Chemistry Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan. Electronic address:
Skeletal remains are the only source of the genetic material of decomposed organisms or once-lived species. Unlike, soft tissues they are highly mineralized, and their anatomical and morphological structure prevents their deformation in the presence of adverse environmental factors. Therefore, bones and teeth protect the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) inside them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-term human influence on the demography and genetic diversity of the hyperdominant Bertholletia excelsa in the Amazon Basin.
Curr Biol
January 2025
Department of Coevolution of Land Use and Urbanisation, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, 07745 Jena, Germany; School of Archaeology, University of the Philippines, Quezon City 1101, the Philippines. Electronic address:
The Amazon rainforest is characterized by a limited number of hyperdominant trees that play an oversized role in its ecosystems, nutrient cycle, and rainfall production. Some of these, such as the Brazil nut, appear to have been intensively exploited and dispersed by Indigenous populations since their earliest arrival in this part of South America around 13,000 years ago. However, the genetic diversity-and geographic structure-of these species remains poorly understood, as does their exact relationship with past human land use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Impact of Storage Conditions on DNA Preservation in Human Skeletal Remains: A Comparison of Freshly Excavated Samples and Those Stored for 12 Years in a Museum Depot.
Genes (Basel)
January 2025
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
As the field of ancient DNA research continues to evolve and produce significant discoveries, it is important to address the crucial limitations it still faces. Under conducive conditions, DNA can persist for thousands of years within human skeletal remains, but, as excavation occurs, the environment abruptly changes, often leading to the loss of DNA and valuable genetic information. Proper storage procedures are needed to mediate DNA degradation and maintain sample integrity.
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