Filgrastim (Neupogen, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) is among the few countermeasures recommended for management of patients in the event of lethal total-body irradiation. Despite the plethora of studies using filgrastim as a radiation countermeasure, relatively little is known about the optimal dose schedule of filgrastim to mitigate radiation lethality. We evaluated the efficacy of filgrastim in improving 30-day survival of CD2F1 mice irradiated with a lethal dose (LD) in the AFRRI cobalt-60 facility. We tested different schedules of 1, 3, 5, 10 or 16 once-daily injections of filgrastim initiated one day after irradiation. Time optimization studies with filgrastim treatment were also performed, beginning 6-48 h postirradiation. Maximum survival was observed with 3 daily doses of 0.17 mg/kg filgrastim. Survival efficacy of the 3-day treatment was compared against the conventional 16-day filgrastim treatment after irradiation in four mouse strains with varying radiation sensitivities: C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, B6C3F1 and CD2F1. Blood indices, bone marrow histopathology and colony forming unit assays were also evaluated. Filgrastim significantly increased 30-day survival (P < 0.001) with a 3-day treatment compared to 16-day treatment. Filgrastim did not prevent cytopenia nadirs, but facilitated faster recovery of white blood cells, neutrophils, red blood cells, platelets, lymphocytes and hematocrits in all four strains. Accelerated hematopoietic recovery was also reflected in faster bone marrow reconstitution and significant increase in hematopoietic progenitors (P < 0.001) in all four mouse strains. These data indicate that prompt and abbreviated filgrastim treatment has potential benefit for triage in the event of a radiological incident for treating acute hematopoietic syndrome.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR14555.1 | DOI Listing |
Transfus Med Hemother
December 2024
Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFHematol Transfus Cell Ther
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Transfus Med
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Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
Cureus
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Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by painful skin ulcers. Treatment typically involves systemic corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Currently, treatment guidelines are not well established, making it important to consider alternative options in complicated cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGan To Kagaku Ryoho
September 2024
Dept. of Pharmacy, The Cancer Institute Hospital.
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