A facile and cost-efficient approach to functionalize raw carbon fiber paper (CFP) used for a self-standing capacitive electrode has been proposed here. Benefiting from the improved specific surface area and surface functional groups, the functionalized CFP (F-CFP) showed much enhanced capacitive performance, 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of the raw CFP. It delivered the areal capacitance of 1275 mF cm at 5 mA cm with a rather wide voltage window of 1.4 V (-0.4 to 1 V vs Ag/AgCl) in 0.5 M HSO. However, in a neutral 1 M NaSO aqueous solution, although the areal capacitance of 1115 mF cm at 3 mA cm is slightly smaller, the potential window is much wider (2 V, -1 to 1 V vs Ag/AgCl), indicating a high overpotential of hydrogen evolution. The areal capacitance was still as high as 722 mF cm at a very fast charge-discharge current density of 50 mA cm, and about 66% of the initial capacitance (at 3 mA cm) was remained in NaSO, indicating considerable rate capability.
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