Impact of Guidance on the Prescription Patterns of G-CSFs for the Prevention of Febrile Neutropenia Following Anticancer Chemotherapy: A Population-Based Utilization Study in the Lazio Region.

Background: Current guidelines recommend prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSFs) for patients with cancer who are at greater risk of febrile neutropenia (FN) while receiving chemotherapy. G-CSF biosimilars are available and represent a savings opportunity; however, their uptake has thus far been low.

Objective: Our objective was to evaluate prescribing patterns for G-CSFs in the prevention of chemotherapy-related FN and to evaluate the impact of regional guidance on G-CSF prescription.

Methods: We conducted an observational drug-utilization study in the Lazio region of Italy using the Electronic Therapeutic Plan Registry, which collects information on G-CSF prescriptions reimbursed by the regional health service. This registry includes information on demographics, tumour, indication for G-CSF use and previous G-CSF exposure. All therapeutic plans (TPs) registered from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016 were selected. A pharmaceutical policy intervention was implemented in November 2015. We evaluated temporal trends regarding G-CSF substances and compared the frequency of TPs for each G-CSF substance during the pre- and post-intervention periods.

Results: A total of 7082 TPs were eligible for the analysis, corresponding to 6592 patients. The frequency of TPs prescribed after the intervention indicated a significant increase in the use of a filgrastim biosimilar (% difference: 14.4; p < 0.001) and significant decreases in the use of lenograstim (% difference: -6.0; p < 0.001) and pegfilgrastim (% difference: -7.8; p < 0.001). The temporal trends analysis showed an increase in TPs using a filgrastim biosimilar (from 34.4% in July 2015 to 49.8% in June 2016; p < 0.0001) and a decrease in TPs using lenograstim and pegfilgrastim.

Conclusions: This study shows it is possible to change attitudes towards the prescription of less expensive G-CSFs in the FN setting when the prescriber's decision-making processes are supported by evidence that includes both regulatory and clinical information and the analysis of clinical practice data.