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Enhanced Gain Extrapolation Technique: A Third-Order Scattering Approach For High-Accuracy Antenna Gain, Sparse Sampling, At Fresnel Distances.
IEEE Trans Antennas Propag
December 2024
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder CO 80305.
In this paper we describe an enhanced three-antenna gain extrapolation technique that allows one to determine antenna gain with significantly fewer data points and at closer distances than with the well-established traditional three-antenna gain extrapolation technique that has been in use for over five decades. As opposed to the traditional gain extrapolation technique, where high-order scattering is purposely ignored so as to isolate only the direct antenna-to-antenna coupling, we show that by incorporating third-order scattering the enhanced gain extrapolation technique can be obtained. The theoretical foundation using third-order scattering is developed and experimental results are presented comparing the enhanced technique and traditional technique for two sets of internationally recognized NIST reference standard gain horn antennas at X-band and Ku-band.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe neuroscience of mental illness: Building toward the future.
Cell
October 2024
Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - Mental illnesses are primarily caused by brain dysfunction, despite being influenced by other external factors.
- - There is a common belief that neuroscience has not significantly impacted mental health care, but this review aims to challenge that view.
- - The review highlights past neuroscientific advances that have aided mental health care and discusses how current developments may lead to further improvements.
Implications of frailty before and after intensive care unit admission.
Curr Opin Crit Care
October 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.
Purpose Of Review: In the decade since the first publications related to frailty in those with critical illness, the study of frailty has rapidly increased. The purpose of this review is to update the reader on recent advances across several important areas of frailty research: how best to identify frailty in those with critical illness, studies describing the relationship between frailty and delirium, and how frailty affects outcomes for those with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which, despite rates and severity of acute infection declining, still tremendously impacts patients long after the acute infection, resulting in symptoms of long COVID-19.
Recent Findings: A number of frailty assessment tools exist, to date, the Clinical Frailty Scale based on the deficit accumulation approach to defining frailty, is the most commonly used in ICU studies.
The HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD): NIH collaboration to understand the impacts of prenatal and early life experiences on brain development.
Dev Cogn Neurosci
October 2024
National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
The human brain undergoes rapid development during the first years of life. Beginning in utero, a wide array of biological, social, and environmental factors can have lasting impacts on brain structure and function. To understand how prenatal and early life experiences alter neurodevelopmental trajectories and shape health outcomes, several NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices collaborated to support and launch the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNIMH perspectives on future directions in neuroimaging for mental health.
Neuropsychopharmacology
November 2024
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
NIMH's mission is to transform the understanding and treatment of mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for prevention, recovery, and cure. New imaging techniques hold great promise for improving our understanding of the pathophysiology of mental illnesses, stratifying patients for treatment selection, and developing a personalized medicine approach. Here, we highlight emerging and promising new technologies that are likely to be vital in helping NIMH accomplish its mission, the potential for utilizing multimodal approaches to study mental illness, and considerations for data analytics and data sharing.
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