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Innate immune memory in chronic HIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND): potential mechanisms and clinical implications.
J Neurovirol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved the outlook of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive therapy are still at higher risk for a range of comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), among others. Chronic inflammation and immune activation are thought to be an underlying cause of these comorbidities. Many of the factors thought to drive chronic inflammation and immune activation in HIV overlap with factors known to induce trained immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of melatonin on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anesthesia.
Clinics (Sao Paulo)
December 2024
Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Background: Hospitalization for Transurethral Prostate Resection (TURP) involves circadian rhythm disturbance - a possible cause of Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder (POCD) in elderly patients. This study investigated whether melatonin ameliorated this effect.
Methods: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial used a battery of neuropsychological tests to evaluate cognitive performance of 118 patients aged ≥ 60, before TURP with spinal anesthesia, and at 21- and 180-days PO.
DNMT3a Deficiency Contributes to Anesthesia/Surgery-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice.
Aging Cell
December 2024
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a severe postoperative complication in older patients. Epigenetic changes are hallmarks of senescence and are closely associated with cognitive impairment. However, the effects of anesthesia and surgery on the aging brain's epigenetic regulatory mechanisms and its impact on cognitive impairment remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHydroxyurea therapy for neurological and cognitive protection in pediatric sickle cell anemia in Uganda (BRAIN SAFE II): Protocol for a single-arm open label trial.
Contemp Clin Trials Commun
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.
Background: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in Sub-Saharan Africa are at high risk of sickle cerebrovascular injury (SCVI). Hydroxyurea, a commonly used disease-modifying therapy, may reduce SCVI resulting in potential impact on reducing stroke and cognitive dysfunction. We aim to test the impact of daily hydroxyurea therapy on these outcomes in Ugandan children with SCA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGut microbiota has important roles in the obstructive sleep apnea-induced inflammation and consequent neurocognitive impairment.
Front Microbiol
December 2024
Department of Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a state of sleep disorder, characterized by repetitive episodes of apnea and chronic intermittent hypoxia. OSA has an extremely high prevalence worldwide and represents a serious challenge to public health, yet its severity is frequently underestimated. It is now well established that neurocognitive dysfunction, manifested as deficits in attention, memory, and executive functions, is a common complication observed in patients with OSA, whereas the specific pathogenesis remains poorly understood, despite the likelihood of involvement of inflammation.
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