Influence of Extrusion Cooking on In Vitro Digestibility, Physical and Sensory Properties of Brazilian Pine Seeds Flour (Araucaria Angustifolia). | LitMetric
Graduate Program in Food Engineering, Federal Univ. of Parana, R. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, CEP: 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
Published: April 2017
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Brazilian pine seeds (pinhão) are gluten-free products derived from Araucaria angustifolia. The commercialization of these seeds is essentially associated with a low level of industrialization. In this context, extrusion cooking is a potential alternative for preparing extrudates of pinhão as a food product, which can be easily digested and is ready for human consumption. Brazilian pine seeds flour was processed in a single-screw extruder following a central composite rotatable design. Three factors (independent parameters) were considered: moisture content (14 to 22 g/100 g), screw speed (100 to 250 rpm), and temperature in the 3rd heating zone (120 to 200 °C). The structural characteristics, in vitro digestibility and sensory acceptance were also evaluated. The resistant starch contents is almost reduced to zero after extrusion cooking while the slowly digestible starch content is increased. An increase in moisture positively affected the hardness and the luminosity (L ), although it negatively affected the volumetric expansion index, crispness, and color parameters (a , b , and ΔE). The experimental conditions of this study allowed the production of expanded extrudates from Brazilian pine seeds with good expansion, texture properties, and acceptance qualities. Thus, extrusion cooking was found to be a potential method for the industrialization of Brazilian pine seeds as a food product.
Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais, Rua Professora Maria Roza Zanon de Almeida, 84505-677 Irati, PR, Brazil.
Predicting biomass of arborescent individuals on sample plots using allometric models is an essential step in the computation of design-based forest biomass estimates. Nonetheless, there are few models for species with different growth forms, such as tree ferns. This study, therefore, sought to construct models to predict {aboveground.
Many eIF4F and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) paralogues are found in trypanosomes: six eIF4E, five eIF4G, one eIF4A and two PABPs. They are expressed simultaneously and assemble into different complexes, contrasting the situation in metazoans that use distinct complexes in different cell types/developmental stages. Each eIF4F complex has its own proteins, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and, consequently, a distinct function.
Cockatiels are popular pet birds that often need veterinary care, making it important to understand their digestive system for better treatment.
This study involved dissecting six cockatiels to analyze and measure their digestive tract, revealing variability in size and specific structural features.
Key findings included the structure of the oesophagus, stomach, and intestines, along with histological traits that showed similarities to other birds but also unique species-specific characteristics.
