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Posaconazole for Prevention of COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A European Multicentre Case-Control Study (POSACOVID).
Mycoses
January 2025
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Background: This study investigated the impact of posaconazole (POSA) prophylaxis in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure receiving systemic corticosteroids on the risk for the development of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA).
Methods: The primary aim of this prospective, multicentre, case-control study was to assess whether application of POSA prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients reduces the risk for CAPA development. All consecutive patients from centre 1 (cases) who received POSA prophylaxis as standard-of-care were matched to one subject from centre 2 and centre 3 who did not receive any antifungal prophylaxis, using propensity score matching for the following variables: (i) age, (ii) sex, (iii) treatment with tocilizumab and (iv) time at risk.
Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the correlation between the degree of fat infiltration (FI) in thoracic paraspinal muscles and thoracic vertebral degeneration (TVD).
Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 474 patients who underwent standard thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans. The FI was quantified as the percentage of adipose tissues within the cross-sectional area of thoracic paraspinal muscles.
Occupational exposure and sarcoidosis: a case-control study in three countries.
Occup Med (Lond)
January 2025
MTW-Holding, Minsk 220070, Belarus.
Background: Preceding studies of environmental and occupational risk factors of sarcoidosis yielded inconsistent findings.
Aims: We aimed to ascertain the occupational risk factors for sarcoidosis in a case-control study.
Methods: A total of 237 sarcoidosis patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis were matched with 474 controls for sex and age (median 49, interquartile range 37; 60 years) recruited from the university hospitals and outpatient centres in Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation.
Age-dependent differences in the association between blood interleukin-6 levels and mortality in patients with sepsis: a retrospective observational study.
J Intensive Care
January 2025
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan.
Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that predicts clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, including those with sepsis. Elderly patients have blunted and easily dysregulated host responses to infection, which may influence IL-6 kinetics and alter the association between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients aged ≥ 16 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit at Chiba University Hospital.
Predicting admission for fall-related injuries in older adults using artificial intelligence: A proof-of-concept study.
Geriatr Gerontol Int
January 2025
Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Aim: Pre-injury frailty has been investigated as a tool to predict outcomes of older trauma patients. Using artificial intelligence principles of machine learning, we aimed to identify a "signature" (combination of clinical variables) that could predict which older adults are at risk of fall-related hospital admission. We hypothesized that frailty, measured using the 5-item modified Frailty Index, could be utilized in combination with other factors as a predictor of admission for fall-related injuries.
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