The dynamics of cAMP and cGMP content of the thymus homogenate from developing chick embryos and chickens was studied during ante- and postnatal development. Changes in the content of cyclic nucleotides bear an oscillatory pattern. At the early stages of embryogenesis (9 to 11 days of incubation) the content of cyclic nucleotides was low and gradually increased by 13 days of incubation. As the development proceeded, the quantitative and qualitative rearrangement of the thymus cellular composition reflected in changes in the content of cyclic nucleotides. At the same time the curves of cyclic nucleotide content became antiphasic. These reciprocal cAMP to cGMP ratios might reflect the cyclic and synchronous reproduction and functional development of the main bulk of the thymus cellular elements. The maximum content of cAMP and the minimum content of cGMP were recorded on the 17th day of embryogenesis.
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Chem Sci
January 2025
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay 91400 Orsay France +33-180006081.
The synthesis of degradable polymer prodrug nanoparticles is still a challenge to be met, which would make it possible to remedy both the shortcomings of traditional formulation of preformed polymers (, low nanoparticle concentrations) and those of the physical encapsulation of drugs (, burst release and poor drug loadings). Herein, through the combination of radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) and polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) under appropriate experimental conditions, we report the successful preparation of high-solid content, degradable polymer prodrug nanoparticles, exhibiting multiple drug moieties covalently linked to a degradable vinyl copolymer backbone. Such a rROPISA process relied on the chain extension of a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)-based solvophilic block with a mixture of lauryl methacrylate (LMA), cyclic ketene acetal (CKA) and drug-bearing methacrylic esters by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization at 20 wt% solid content.
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January 2025
Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à L'énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour le Vivant (iRTSV), CEA Grenoble, Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
The marine ecosystem is characterized by a rich diversity of bacterial hosts and their phages. The propagation of phages is primarily limited by their ability to adsorb to host cells and is further challenged by various bacterial defense mechanisms. To fully realize the potential of phage therapy in aquaculture, a comprehensive understanding of phage-host interactions and their regulation is essential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Rapid Commun
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Renmin Street 5625, Changchun, 130022, China.
The demand for insulating materials with superior dielectric properties has increased. Among these materials, polymers containing cyclic structure including cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and cyclic olefin polymer (COP) stand out because of their excellent dielectric properties originating from the pure hydrocarbon structure. Introducing fluorine into polymers is one efficient strategy for optimizing the dielectric and the related important properties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharm Sci
January 2025
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, 81377 Munich, Germany. Electronic address:
The frozen storage of biopharmaceuticals brings new challenges to the primary packaging material. Due to an increasing demand and the downsides of standard type I glass vials, such as vial breakage, novel vial types for special applications of parenteral drug products have been introduced to the market in the past years. Mechanical stresses due to dimensional changes experienced during freezing and thawing could change the material properties, hence affecting the interaction with the drug product stored in the vial or functionality such as overall integrity.
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